"tend-" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See tend- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Root

Etymology: Probably from the synonymous *ten-, but with an uncertain suffix *-d(H)-. Etymology templates: {{root|ine-pro|ine-pro|*ten-}}
  1. to stretch, to extend Tags: morpheme, perfective, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-tend--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:stretch Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European perfective roots, Proto-Indo-European roots, Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ten- Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European roots: 45 55
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Root

Etymology: Possibly an extension of *temh₁- (“to cut”).
  1. to split, cut off Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-tend--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:cut Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European roots Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots: 33 67 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header: 22 78 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European roots: 45 55
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for tend- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*ténd-e-ti (thematic root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*tend-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tend-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *tend-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "tend"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: tend",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: tend"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*tándati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tándati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tándati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*tándati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tándati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tándati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "तन्दते",
            "t": "become relaxed",
            "tr": "tándate"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: तन्दते (tándate, “become relaxed”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: तन्दते (tándate, “become relaxed”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*tándati",
            "gloss": "to languish, faint"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *tándati (“to languish, faint”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *tándati (“to languish, faint”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xpr",
            "2": "tnd",
            "t": "faint, languishing",
            "tr": "tand"
          },
          "expansion": "Parthian: tnd (tand, “faint, languishing”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Parthian: tnd (tand, “faint, languishing”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tendō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tendō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tendō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "tendō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: tendō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: tendō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖 (ustentu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖 (ustentu), 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌕𐌖 (ustetu), ostendu, 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌀 (ustentuta), ostensendi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tn̥d-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tensos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tensos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tensos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "tensus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: tensus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: tensus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*ténd-u-s ~ *tn̥d-éw-s:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "tandùs",
            "t": "lazy, sloppy"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: tandùs (“lazy, sloppy”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: tandùs (“lazy, sloppy”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ten-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from the synonymous *ten-, but with an uncertain suffix *-d(H)-.",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tend-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ten-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stretch, to extend"
      ],
      "id": "en-tend--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:stretch",
      "links": [
        [
          "stretch",
          "stretch"
        ],
        [
          "extend",
          "extend"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:stretch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "tend-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*ténd-e-ti (thematic root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*tendeti",
            "t": "to break, cut"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tendeti (“to break, cut”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *tendeti (“to break, cut”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "teinnid"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: teinnid",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: teinnid"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "τένδω",
            "t": "to gnaw at"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: τένδω (téndō, “to gnaw at”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: τένδω (téndō, “to gnaw at”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tond-éye-ti (causative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tondeō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tondeō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tondeō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "tondeō",
            "t": "to cut, shear"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: tondeō (“to cut, shear”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: tondeō (“to cut, shear”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tn̥-né-d-ti ~ *tn̥-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "-tenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: -tenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: -tenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*te-tónd-e ~ *te-tn̥d-ḗr (perfect)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "tethainn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: tethainn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: tethainn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "totondī"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: totondī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: totondī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tónd-eh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*tondā",
            "t": "skin, surface"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tondā (“skin, surface”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *tondā (“skin, surface”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obt",
            "2": "tonnenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Breton: tonnenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Breton: tonnenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xbm",
            "2": "tonnenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Breton: tonnenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Breton: tonnenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "tonnenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: tonnenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: tonnenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "owl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Welsh:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Welsh:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "tonn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: tonn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: tonn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "ton"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: ton",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: ton"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "tonn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: tonn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: tonn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of *temh₁- (“to cut”).",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tend-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to split, cut off"
      ],
      "id": "en-tend--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:cut",
      "links": [
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:cut"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "tend-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ten-"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*ténd-e-ti (thematic root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*tend-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tend-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *tend-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "tend"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: tend",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: tend"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*tándati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tándati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tándati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*tándati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tándati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tándati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "तन्दते",
            "t": "become relaxed",
            "tr": "tándate"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: तन्दते (tándate, “become relaxed”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: तन्दते (tándate, “become relaxed”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*tándati",
            "gloss": "to languish, faint"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *tándati (“to languish, faint”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *tándati (“to languish, faint”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xpr",
            "2": "tnd",
            "t": "faint, languishing",
            "tr": "tand"
          },
          "expansion": "Parthian: tnd (tand, “faint, languishing”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Parthian: tnd (tand, “faint, languishing”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tendō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tendō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tendō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "tendō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: tendō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: tendō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖 (ustentu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖 (ustentu), 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌕𐌖 (ustetu), ostendu, 𐌖𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌀 (ustentuta), ostensendi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tn̥d-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tensos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tensos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tensos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "tensus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: tensus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: tensus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*ténd-u-s ~ *tn̥d-éw-s:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "tandùs",
            "t": "lazy, sloppy"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: tandùs (“lazy, sloppy”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: tandùs (“lazy, sloppy”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ten-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from the synonymous *ten-, but with an uncertain suffix *-d(H)-.",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tend-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to stretch, to extend"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stretch",
          "stretch"
        ],
        [
          "extend",
          "extend"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:stretch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "tend-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*ténd-e-ti (thematic root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*tendeti",
            "t": "to break, cut"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tendeti (“to break, cut”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *tendeti (“to break, cut”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "teinnid"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: teinnid",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: teinnid"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "τένδω",
            "t": "to gnaw at"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: τένδω (téndō, “to gnaw at”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: τένδω (téndō, “to gnaw at”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tond-éye-ti (causative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*tondeō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *tondeō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *tondeō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "tondeō",
            "t": "to cut, shear"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: tondeō (“to cut, shear”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: tondeō (“to cut, shear”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tn̥-né-d-ti ~ *tn̥-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "-tenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: -tenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: -tenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*te-tónd-e ~ *te-tn̥d-ḗr (perfect)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "tethainn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: tethainn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: tethainn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "totondī"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: totondī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: totondī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*tónd-eh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*tondā",
            "t": "skin, surface"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tondā (“skin, surface”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *tondā (“skin, surface”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obt",
            "2": "tonnenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Breton: tonnenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Breton: tonnenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xbm",
            "2": "tonnenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Breton: tonnenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Breton: tonnenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "tonnenn"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: tonnenn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: tonnenn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "owl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Welsh:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Welsh:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "tonn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: tonn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: tonn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "ton"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: ton",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: ton"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "tonn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: tonn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: tonn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of *temh₁- (“to cut”).",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tend-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to split, cut off"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:cut"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
  ],
  "word": "tend-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.