See swep- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for swep- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (13.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-ór"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*supó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swefaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "स्वपति",
"tr": "svápati"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swabjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swapáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swapáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swapáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swapáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swapáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swapáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वपयति",
"tr": "svapáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वपयति (svapáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वपयति (svapáyati), स्वापयति (svāpáyati, “to put to sleep, lull; to put to death”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sōpiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sōpiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sōpiō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-ye-ti or *swṓp-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sǿfa",
"t": "to kill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sōpiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sōpiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sōpiō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swábdʰHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swábdʰHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swábdʰHati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwábdHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwábdHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwábdHati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀-",
"t": "to fall asleep"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swóp-r̥ ~ *swép-n̥s or *swép-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós or *swóp-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "generalized zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "(generalized zero-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*súp-r̥ (generalized zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sup-r̥-wént-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝",
"gloss": "sleepy(?)",
"tr": "su-up-pár-wa-an-za",
"ts": "supparwanz(a)"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un",
"ts": "suppariyanun"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*húpər"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕπᾰρ",
"t": "reality"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpar, “reality”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpar, “reality”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-n-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*súp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "съниѥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "sänmetse",
"t": "in a trance"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*swóp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cf. *súpni(y)om above"
},
"expansion": "(cf. *súpni(y)om above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”) (cf. *súpni(y)om above)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sapnỹs",
"t": "sleep, dream"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्न्य",
"alt": "स्वप्न्यम्",
"t": "vision in a dream",
"tr": "svápnyam"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swopnjom",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnium",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnium (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "քուն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*swápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*swép-os-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *swép-os-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *swép-os-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sopor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sopor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun"
},
"expansion": "(alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sopor (alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-tó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*suptós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *suptós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *suptós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*suptór",
"der": "1",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Anatolian: *suptór (verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Anatolian: *suptór (verb)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒋫𒊑",
"pos": "3sg.pres.mid.",
"tr": "šu-up-ta-ri",
"ts": "šuptari"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒋫𒊑 (šu-up-ta-ri /šuptari/, 3sg.pres.mid.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒋫𒊑 (šu-up-ta-ri /šuptari/, 3sg.pres.mid.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sъpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sleep"
],
"id": "en-swep--ine-pro-root-w~6onUrj",
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "swep-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-ór"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*supó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swefaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "स्वपति",
"tr": "svápati"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swabjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swapáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swapáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swapáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swapáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swapáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swapáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वपयति",
"tr": "svapáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वपयति (svapáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वपयति (svapáyati), स्वापयति (svāpáyati, “to put to sleep, lull; to put to death”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sōpiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sōpiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sōpiō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-ye-ti or *swṓp-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sǿfa",
"t": "to kill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sōpiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sōpiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sōpiō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swábdʰHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swábdʰHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swábdʰHati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwábdHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwábdHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwábdHati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀-",
"t": "to fall asleep"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swóp-r̥ ~ *swép-n̥s or *swép-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós or *swóp-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "generalized zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "(generalized zero-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*súp-r̥ (generalized zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sup-r̥-wént-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝",
"gloss": "sleepy(?)",
"tr": "su-up-pár-wa-an-za",
"ts": "supparwanz(a)"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un",
"ts": "suppariyanun"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*húpər"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕπᾰρ",
"t": "reality"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpar, “reality”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpar, “reality”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-n-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*súp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "съниѥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "sänmetse",
"t": "in a trance"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*swóp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cf. *súpni(y)om above"
},
"expansion": "(cf. *súpni(y)om above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”) (cf. *súpni(y)om above)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sapnỹs",
"t": "sleep, dream"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्न्य",
"alt": "स्वप्न्यम्",
"t": "vision in a dream",
"tr": "svápnyam"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swopnjom",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnium",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnium (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "քուն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*swápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*swép-os-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *swép-os-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *swép-os-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sopor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sopor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun"
},
"expansion": "(alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sopor (alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-tó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*suptós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *suptós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *suptós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*suptór",
"der": "1",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Anatolian: *suptór (verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Anatolian: *suptór (verb)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒋫𒊑",
"pos": "3sg.pres.mid.",
"tr": "šu-up-ta-ri",
"ts": "šuptari"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒋫𒊑 (šu-up-ta-ri /šuptari/, 3sg.pres.mid.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒋫𒊑 (šu-up-ta-ri /šuptari/, 3sg.pres.mid.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sъpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Sleep"
],
"glosses": [
"to sleep"
],
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "swep-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.