See swep- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or originally only middle voice?"
},
"expansion": "(or originally only middle voice?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*swép-t ~ *sup-ént (athematic root aorist) (or originally only middle voice?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*supó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वपन्",
"pos": "nom.m.sg.aor.ptc.",
"tr": "svapán"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वपन् (svapán, nom.m.sg.aor.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Rigvedic; traditionally interpreted as from a present verb"
},
"expansion": "(Rigvedic; traditionally interpreted as from a present verb)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वपन् (svapán, nom.m.sg.aor.ptc.) (Rigvedic; traditionally interpreted as from a present verb)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वपिति",
"der": "1",
"tr": "svápiti"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present verb supplanting Rigvedic <i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"sa\">सस्ति</i> (sásti, “to sleep”)"
},
"expansion": "(present verb supplanting Rigvedic सस्ति (sásti, “to sleep”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti), स्वपति (svápati) (present verb supplanting Rigvedic सस्ति (sásti, “to sleep”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swefaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or only formed in Proto-Iranian?"
},
"expansion": "(or only formed in Proto-Iranian?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*sup-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present) (or only formed in Proto-Iranian?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hufsati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hufsati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hufsati, *xʷafsati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀",
"pos": "2sg.impv."
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀 (xᵛafsa, 2sg.impv.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀 (xᵛafsa, 2sg.impv.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"pos": "present stem of /xuftan/",
"tr": "hwps-",
"ts": "xufs-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (hwps- /xufs-/, present stem of /xuftan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (hwps- /xufs-/, present stem of /xuftan/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "خسپ",
"pos": "present stem of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">خفتن</i> (xuftan)",
"tr": "xusp"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: خسپ (xusp, present stem of خفتن (xuftan))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: خسپ (xusp, present stem of خفتن (xuftan)) (with metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"tr": "ūfs-"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: [script needed] (ūfs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: [script needed] (ūfs-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swabjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swāpáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swāpáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swāpáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swāpáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वापयति",
"t": "to put to sleep, lull; to put to death",
"tr": "svāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वापयति (svāpáyati, “to put to sleep, lull; to put to death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वापयति (svāpáyati, “to put to sleep, lull; to put to death”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "the existence of this verbal type is uncertain"
},
"expansion": "(the existence of this verbal type is uncertain)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "? *swṓp-ye-ti (lengthened grade causative) (the existence of this verbal type is uncertain)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sǿfa",
"t": "to kill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*swēbjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēbjaną",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*swēbjaną</i>, a secondary causative"
},
"expansion": "(or from Proto-Germanic *swēbjaną, a secondary causative)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”) (or from Proto-Germanic *swēbjaną, a secondary causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sōpiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sōpiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sōpiō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*se-swóp-e ~ se-sup-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सुष्वाप"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬀 (hušxᵛafa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬀 (hušxᵛafa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swóp-r̥ ~ *swép-n̥s or *swép-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós or *swóp-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "generalized zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "(generalized zero-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*súp-r̥ (generalized zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sup-r̥-wént-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝",
"gloss": "sleepy(?)",
"tr": "su-up-pár-wa-an-za",
"ts": "supparwanz(a)"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un",
"ts": "suppariyanun"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*húpər"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕπᾰρ",
"t": "reality"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpăr, “reality”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpăr, “reality”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-n-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*súp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "съниѥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "sänmetse",
"t": "in a trance"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*swóp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cf. *súpni(y)om above"
},
"expansion": "(cf. *súpni(y)om above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”) (cf. *súpni(y)om above)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sapnỹs",
"t": "sleep, dream"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्न्य",
"alt": "स्वप्न्यम्",
"t": "vision in a dream",
"tr": "svápnyam"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swopnjom",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnium",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnium (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "քուն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*swápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*swép-os-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *swép-os-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *swép-os-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sopor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sopor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun"
},
"expansion": "(alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sopor (alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*suptás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suptás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suptás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*suptás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suptás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suptás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सुप्त",
"tr": "suptá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: सुप्त (suptá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: सुप्त (suptá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*huptas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *huptas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *huptas, *xʷaptas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (xᵛapta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (xᵛapta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "خفت",
"pos": "past stem",
"tr": "xuft"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: خفت (xuft, past stem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: خفت (xuft, past stem)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"tr": "xwft",
"ts": "xuft"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwft /xuft/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwft /xuft/)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sъpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀-",
"t": "to fall asleep"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a secondary formation in Avestan"
},
"expansion": "(a secondary formation in Avestan)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”) (a secondary formation in Avestan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sleep"
],
"id": "en-swep--ine-pro-root-w~6onUrj",
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "swep-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or originally only middle voice?"
},
"expansion": "(or originally only middle voice?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*swép-t ~ *sup-ént (athematic root aorist) (or originally only middle voice?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*supó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *supó\nHittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri /šuppāri/, 3sg.pres.mid.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वपन्",
"pos": "nom.m.sg.aor.ptc.",
"tr": "svapán"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वपन् (svapán, nom.m.sg.aor.ptc.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Rigvedic; traditionally interpreted as from a present verb"
},
"expansion": "(Rigvedic; traditionally interpreted as from a present verb)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वपन् (svapán, nom.m.sg.aor.ptc.) (Rigvedic; traditionally interpreted as from a present verb)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वपिति",
"der": "1",
"tr": "svápiti"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present verb supplanting Rigvedic <i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"sa\">सस्ति</i> (sásti, “to sleep”)"
},
"expansion": "(present verb supplanting Rigvedic सस्ति (sásti, “to sleep”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti), स्वपति (svápati) (present verb supplanting Rigvedic सस्ति (sásti, “to sleep”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swefaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swefaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or only formed in Proto-Iranian?"
},
"expansion": "(or only formed in Proto-Iranian?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*sup-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present) (or only formed in Proto-Iranian?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hufsati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hufsati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hufsati, *xʷafsati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀",
"pos": "2sg.impv."
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀 (xᵛafsa, 2sg.impv.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀 (xᵛafsa, 2sg.impv.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"pos": "present stem of /xuftan/",
"tr": "hwps-",
"ts": "xufs-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (hwps- /xufs-/, present stem of /xuftan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (hwps- /xufs-/, present stem of /xuftan/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "خسپ",
"pos": "present stem of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">خفتن</i> (xuftan)",
"tr": "xusp"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: خسپ (xusp, present stem of خفتن (xuftan))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: خسپ (xusp, present stem of خفتن (xuftan)) (with metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"tr": "ūfs-"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: [script needed] (ūfs-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: [script needed] (ūfs-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swabjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *swabjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swāpáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swāpáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swāpáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swāpáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वापयति",
"t": "to put to sleep, lull; to put to death",
"tr": "svāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वापयति (svāpáyati, “to put to sleep, lull; to put to death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वापयति (svāpáyati, “to put to sleep, lull; to put to death”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "the existence of this verbal type is uncertain"
},
"expansion": "(the existence of this verbal type is uncertain)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "? *swṓp-ye-ti (lengthened grade causative) (the existence of this verbal type is uncertain)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sǿfa",
"t": "to kill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*swēbjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swēbjaną",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*swēbjaną</i>, a secondary causative"
},
"expansion": "(or from Proto-Germanic *swēbjaną, a secondary causative)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sǿfa (“to kill”) (or from Proto-Germanic *swēbjaną, a secondary causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sōpiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sōpiō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sōpiō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*se-swóp-e ~ se-sup-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सुष्वाप"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬀 (hušxᵛafa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬀 (hušxᵛafa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swóp-r̥ ~ *swép-n̥s or *swép-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós or *swóp-r̥ ~ *sup-n-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "generalized zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "(generalized zero-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*súp-r̥ (generalized zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sup-r̥-wént-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-wént-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-wánt-s"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝",
"gloss": "sleepy(?)",
"tr": "su-up-pár-wa-an-za",
"ts": "supparwanz(a)"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *sup-r̥-yé/ó-ti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un",
"ts": "suppariyanun"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑𒅀𒉡𒌦 (šu-up-pa-ri-i̯a-nu-un /suppariyanun/, 1sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*húpər"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *húpər"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕπᾰρ",
"t": "reality"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpăr, “reality”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὕπᾰρ (húpăr, “reality”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-n-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*súp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *súp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "съниѥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: съниѥ (sŭnije)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "sänmetse",
"t": "in a trance"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: sänmetse (“in a trance”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swép-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swop-n-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*swóp-n-i(y)-o-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cf. *súpni(y)om above"
},
"expansion": "(cf. *súpni(y)om above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *swóp-n-i(y)-o-m (“dream”) (cf. *súpni(y)om above)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sapnỹs",
"t": "sleep, dream"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: sapnỹs (“sleep, dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápniyam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápniyam"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्न्य",
"alt": "स्वप्न्यम्",
"t": "vision in a dream",
"tr": "svápnyam"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न्यम् (svápnyam, “vision in a dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swopnjom",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *swopnjom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnium",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnium (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "քուն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: քուն (kʻun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*swápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swápnas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepnos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "somnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: somnus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: somnus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*swép-os-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *swép-os-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *swép-os-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*swepōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *swepōs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sopor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: sopor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun"
},
"expansion": "(alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: sopor (alternatively from *swópr̥, or from a root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sup-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*suptás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suptás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suptás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*suptás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suptás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suptás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सुप्त",
"tr": "suptá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: सुप्त (suptá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: सुप्त (suptá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*huptas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *huptas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *huptas, *xʷaptas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (xᵛapta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (xᵛapta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "خفت",
"pos": "past stem",
"tr": "xuft"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: خفت (xuft, past stem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: خفت (xuft, past stem)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"tr": "xwft",
"ts": "xuft"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwft /xuft/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwft /xuft/)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sъpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sъpati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀-",
"t": "to fall asleep"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a secondary formation in Avestan"
},
"expansion": "(a secondary formation in Avestan)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬠𐬛𐬀- (xᵛabda-, “to fall asleep”) (a secondary formation in Avestan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swep-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Sleep"
],
"glosses": [
"to sleep"
],
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "swep-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swep- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (17.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.