See strengʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strongʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strangijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *strangijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *strangijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strongʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*strangas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *strangas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *strangas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "strangs",
"t": "brave, brisk, fresh"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: strangs (“brave, brisk, fresh”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: strangs (“brave, brisk, fresh”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strangaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *strangaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *strangaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strn̥gʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στραγγός",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: στραγγός (strangós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: στραγγός (strangós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strongʰ-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strangiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *strangiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *strangiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stringt",
"t": "to stiffen, wither"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stringt (“to stiffen, wither”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stringt (“to stiffen, wither”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "strìgti",
"t": "to stick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stri̇̀gti (“to stick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stri̇̀gti (“to stick”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zastrąc",
"t": "to come to a halt"
},
"expansion": "Polish: zastrąc (“to come to a halt”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: zastrąc (“to come to a halt”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*stringō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stringō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stringō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stringō",
"t": "to bind fast, tighten"
},
"expansion": "Latin: stringō (“to bind fast, tighten”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: stringō (“to bind fast, tighten”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "twist",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to *sterh₃- (“to spread, to extend”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/strengʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCReRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to twist"
],
"id": "en-strengʰ--ine-pro-root-yLU83-d1",
"links": [
[
"twist",
"twist"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCReRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rope, cord"
],
"id": "en-strengʰ--ine-pro-root-UmPf4GKf",
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "strengʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European sCReRC-shaped roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strongʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strangijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *strangijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *strangijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strongʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*strangas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *strangas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *strangas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "strangs",
"t": "brave, brisk, fresh"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: strangs (“brave, brisk, fresh”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: strangs (“brave, brisk, fresh”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strangaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *strangaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *strangaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strn̥gʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στραγγός",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: στραγγός (strangós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: στραγγός (strangós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*strongʰ-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strangiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *strangiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *strangiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stringt",
"t": "to stiffen, wither"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stringt (“to stiffen, wither”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stringt (“to stiffen, wither”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "strìgti",
"t": "to stick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stri̇̀gti (“to stick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stri̇̀gti (“to stick”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zastrąc",
"t": "to come to a halt"
},
"expansion": "Polish: zastrąc (“to come to a halt”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: zastrąc (“to come to a halt”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*stringō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stringō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stringō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stringō",
"t": "to bind fast, tighten"
},
"expansion": "Latin: stringō (“to bind fast, tighten”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: stringō (“to bind fast, tighten”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "twist",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to *sterh₃- (“to spread, to extend”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/strengʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to twist"
],
"links": [
[
"twist",
"twist"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rope, cord"
],
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "strengʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for strengʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (887c61b and 3d4dee6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.