See steh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for steh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (31.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-t ~ *sth₂-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stí-steh₂-ti ~ *stí-sth₂-n̥ti (athematic reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*st-né-h₂-ti ~ *st-n̥-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ste-stóh₂-e ~ *ste-sth₂-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steyh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*st-n̥é-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stānja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stānja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stānja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtoj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: shtoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: shtoj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stajḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stojati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stojati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stojati ⇐ earlier *stojěti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-éh₁-ye-ti (thematic eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*staēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *staēō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *staēō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stoh₂-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-tleh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*stātlā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *stātlā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *stātlā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "seuzl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: seuzl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: seuzl"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "seul"
},
"expansion": "Breton: seul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: seul"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "seudhel"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: seudhel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: seudhel, sul"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "saudel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: saudel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: saudel, sodlau"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sawdl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: sawdl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: sawdl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "sál"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: sál",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: sál"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-dʰló-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*staðlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *staðlom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *staðlom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stabulum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: stabulum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: stabulum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕 (staflatasset)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕 (staflatasset), σταβαλανο"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "staflarem"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: staflarem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: staflarem, staflare, 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌉 (stafli)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stallaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stallaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stallaz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stadla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stadla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stadla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stadlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stadlo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stadlo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "stadło"
},
"expansion": "Polish: stadło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: stadło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-gʰo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀgas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀgas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀgas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stógas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stógas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stógas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stogъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stogъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stogъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-l-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*stā́lā",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́lā f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́lā f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στήλη",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: στήλη (stḗlē)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*steh₂-sleh₂</i>, or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*stel-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from *steh₂-sleh₂, or from *stel-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: στήλη (stḗlē) (or from *steh₂-sleh₂, or from *stel-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-e-lo-m or *sth₂-o-lo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stála"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stála",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stála (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōlaz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōlaz m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōlaz m (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stHálam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHálam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHálam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*stHálam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHálam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHálam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थलम्",
"t": "firm ground, foundation"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्थलम् (sthalam, “firm ground, foundation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्थलम् (sthalam, “firm ground, foundation”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-mn̥ ~ *sth₂-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*stāmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stāmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stāmos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "stahmei"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: stahmei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: stahmei, stahmito, stahmitei, stahmietei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-mō ~ sth₂-m̥nés"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀmō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀmō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stuomuõ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stuomuõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stuomuõ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stāmen"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stāmen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stóh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stōˀmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stōˀmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stōˀmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stúomas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stúomas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stúomas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stamъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stamъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stamъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*stṓmiks",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic: *stṓmiks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic: *stṓmiks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στώμιξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στώμιξ (stṓmix)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στώμιξ (stṓmix)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀnas",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀnas m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀnas m (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stáHnam",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stáHnam (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stana",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stana (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stara"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stara",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stara"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "stër-",
"t": "large"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: stër- (“large”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: stër- (“large”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stóras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stóras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stóras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stàrъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stàrъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stàrъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHrás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*stHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHrás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थिर",
"t": "fixed, firm, strong",
"tr": "sthirá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्थिर (sthirá, “fixed, firm, strong”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्थिर (sthirá, “fixed, firm, strong”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*stHráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *stHráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *stHráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "стыр"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: стыр (styr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: стыр (styr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "ستر"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: ستر",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: ستر"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-ti-s ~ *sth₂-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-tós"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stā́ˀtus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀtus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀtus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*statъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *statъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *statъ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*status"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *status",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *status"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "status"
},
"expansion": "Latin: status",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: status (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ims",
"2": "state"
},
"expansion": "Marsian: state",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marsian: state"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚 (statíf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚 (statíf)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀 (statita)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀 (statita), 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (statitatu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-wr̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*stā́wər"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́wər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́wər"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στέᾱρ",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στέᾱρ (stéār), στεῖᾰρ (steîar), στῆρ (stêr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στέᾱρ (stéār), στεῖᾰρ (steîar), στῆρ (stêr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-wéh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sth₂-uh₂-néh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sth₂-uh₂-néh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sth₂-uh₂-néh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stʰuHnáH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHnáH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHnáH (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stūlā-",
"3": "*stūlwā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stūlā-, *stūlwā-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stūlā-, *stūlwā-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtyllë",
"tr": "pillar"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: shtyllë (pillar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: shtyllë (pillar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "postātwei"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: postātwei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: postātwei, postānimai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*stagnos",
"t": "tin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *stagnos (“tin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *stagnos (“tin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stamniz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stamniz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sefyll"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: sefyll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: sefyll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στάδιος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στάδιος (stádios)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στάδιος (stádios), στάδιον (stádion) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "stûn",
"t": "column, pillar"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: stûn (“column, pillar”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: stûn (“column, pillar”), rawe-STÎN (“to stand, to stop”), rawe-STANDIN (“to cause to stand/stop”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ایستادن",
"tr": "istâdan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ایستادن (istâdan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ایستادن (istâdan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "стын"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: стын (styn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: стын (styn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "εσταες"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: εσταες (estaes)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "augmented with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁e-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(augmented with *h₁e-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: εσταες (estaes) (augmented with *h₁e-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*stäm-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *stäm-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *stäm-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ṣtäm-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ṣtäm-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ṣtäm-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "stäm-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: stäm-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: stäm-"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suffixed form *steh₂dʰ(h₁)-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sth₂dʰ-mó-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *sth₂dʰ-mó-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *sth₂dʰ-mó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*statʰmós",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *statʰmós",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-tʰmós",
"alt1": "*stā-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*stā- + *-tʰmós",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or simply <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"grk-pro\">*stā-</i> + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"grk-pro\">*-tʰmós</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or simply *stā- + *-tʰmós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *statʰmós (or simply *stā- + *-tʰmós)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σταθμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σταθμός (stathmós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σταθμός (stathmós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂dʰh₁-om (“herd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stā́ˀda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stàdo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stàdo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stàdo (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōdą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōdą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-né-dʰh₁-ti ~ *sth₂-n̥-dʰh₁-énti (extended nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *standaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *standaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stāds",
"t": "plant, seedling"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stāds (“plant, seedling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stāds (“plant, seedling”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Extended form *steh₂w-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂w-eh₂-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀwēˀtei",
"3": "*stāˀwā́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwēˀtei, *stāˀwā́ˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwēˀtei, *stāˀwā́ˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stāvēt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stāvēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stāvēt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stovėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stovėti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stovėti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stavati",
"t": "to stand up, to become"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stavati (“to stand up, to become”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stavati (“to stand up, to become”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂w-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stā́ˀwīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stàviti",
"t": "to place, to put"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stàviti (“to place, to put”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stàviti (“to place, to put”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōjaną",
"t": "to stow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōjaną (“to stow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōjaną (“to stow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with laryngeal metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with laryngeal metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*steh₂u-rós, *st-u-h₂-rós (with laryngeal metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ստուար",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: ստուար (stuar)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Armenian: ստուար (stuar) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stauraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stauraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stauraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*staurós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *staurós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *staurós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σταυρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σταυρός (staurós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σταυρός (staurós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stʰuHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHrás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHrás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*stauros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stauros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stauros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "īnstaurō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: īnstaurō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: īnstaurō, restaurō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stoh₂w-ih₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*stōyyā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *stōyyā́",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law"
},
"expansion": "(apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *stōyyā́ (apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στοᾱ́",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στοᾱ́ (stoā́), στοιᾱ́ (stoiā́), στωῐ̈ᾱ́ (stōïā́), στοιή (stoiḗ), στῳᾱ́ (stōiā́)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στοᾱ́ (stoā́), στοιᾱ́ (stoiā́), στωῐ̈ᾱ́ (stōïā́), στοιή (stoiḗ), στῳᾱ́ (stōiā́) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stoh₂w-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stovà",
"t": "place"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stovà (“place”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stovà (“place”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stavъ",
"alt": "*stava",
"t": "structural part, joint"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stava (“structural part, joint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stava (“structural part, joint”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*staHwarás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*staHwarás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थावर",
"tr": "sthāvará"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्थावर (sthāvará)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्थावर (sthāvará)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ستاوند",
"tr": "sotâvand"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ستاوند (sotâvand)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ستاوند (sotâvand)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्था"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्था (sthā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्था (sthā)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*sed->to sit",
"5": "*-éh₂ti>stative suffix",
"id": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sed-",
"3": "*-éh₂ti",
"alt2": "*-eh₂-",
"pos2": "stative suffix",
"t1": "to sit"
},
"expansion": "*sed- (“to sit”) + *-eh₂- (stative suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "If not a primary root, possibly from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-eh₂- (stative suffix). Compare perhaps suiḋe, \"sit\", and also perhaps seasaṁ, \"stand\", with reduplicated PIE *steh₂, in Irish.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCeH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *sed-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₂ti",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stand (up)"
],
"id": "en-steh₂--ine-pro-root-XVz4Ed1i",
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "teh₂-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Augment (Indo-European)",
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Osthoff's law",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "steh₂-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-t ~ *sth₂-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stí-steh₂-ti ~ *stí-sth₂-n̥ti (athematic reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*st-né-h₂-ti ~ *st-n̥-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ste-stóh₂-e ~ *ste-sth₂-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steyh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*st-n̥é-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stānja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stānja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stānja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtoj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: shtoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: shtoj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stajḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stojati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stojati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stojati ⇐ earlier *stojěti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-éh₁-ye-ti (thematic eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*staēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *staēō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *staēō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stoh₂-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-tleh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*stātlā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *stātlā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *stātlā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "seuzl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: seuzl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: seuzl"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "seul"
},
"expansion": "Breton: seul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: seul"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "seudhel"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: seudhel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: seudhel, sul"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "saudel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: saudel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: saudel, sodlau"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sawdl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: sawdl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: sawdl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "sál"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: sál",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: sál"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-dʰló-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*staðlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *staðlom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *staðlom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stabulum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: stabulum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: stabulum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕 (staflatasset)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕 (staflatasset), σταβαλανο"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "staflarem"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: staflarem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: staflarem, staflare, 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌉 (stafli)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stallaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stallaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stallaz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stadla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stadla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stadla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stadlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stadlo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stadlo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "stadło"
},
"expansion": "Polish: stadło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: stadło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-gʰo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀgas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀgas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀgas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stógas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stógas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stógas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stogъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stogъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stogъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-l-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*stā́lā",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́lā f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́lā f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στήλη",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: στήλη (stḗlē)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*steh₂-sleh₂</i>, or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*stel-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from *steh₂-sleh₂, or from *stel-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: στήλη (stḗlē) (or from *steh₂-sleh₂, or from *stel-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-e-lo-m or *sth₂-o-lo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stála"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stála",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stála (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōlaz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōlaz m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōlaz m (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stHálam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHálam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHálam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*stHálam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHálam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHálam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थलम्",
"t": "firm ground, foundation"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्थलम् (sthalam, “firm ground, foundation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्थलम् (sthalam, “firm ground, foundation”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-mn̥ ~ *sth₂-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*stāmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stāmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stāmos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "stahmei"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: stahmei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: stahmei, stahmito, stahmitei, stahmietei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-mō ~ sth₂-m̥nés"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀmō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀmō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stuomuõ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stuomuõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stuomuõ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stāmen"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stāmen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stóh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stōˀmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stōˀmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stōˀmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stúomas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stúomas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stúomas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stamъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stamъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stamъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*stṓmiks",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic: *stṓmiks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic: *stṓmiks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στώμιξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στώμιξ (stṓmix)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στώμιξ (stṓmix)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀnas",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀnas m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀnas m (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stáHnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stáHnam",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stáHnam (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stana",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stana (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stara"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stara",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stara"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "stër-",
"t": "large"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: stër- (“large”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: stër- (“large”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stóras"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stóras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stóras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stàrъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stàrъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stàrъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stHrás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*stHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stHrás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थिर",
"t": "fixed, firm, strong",
"tr": "sthirá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्थिर (sthirá, “fixed, firm, strong”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्थिर (sthirá, “fixed, firm, strong”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*stHráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *stHráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *stHráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "стыр"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: стыр (styr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: стыр (styr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "ستر"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: ستر",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: ستر"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-ti-s ~ *sth₂-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-tós"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stā́ˀtus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀtus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀtus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*statъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *statъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *statъ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*status"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *status",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *status"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "status"
},
"expansion": "Latin: status",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: status (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ims",
"2": "state"
},
"expansion": "Marsian: state",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marsian: state"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚 (statíf)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚 (statíf)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀 (statita)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀 (statita), 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (statitatu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂-wr̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*stā́wər"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́wər",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *stā́wər"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στέᾱρ",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στέᾱρ (stéār), στεῖᾰρ (steîar), στῆρ (stêr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στέᾱρ (stéār), στεῖᾰρ (steîar), στῆρ (stêr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-wéh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sth₂-uh₂-néh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *sth₂-uh₂-néh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *sth₂-uh₂-néh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stʰuHnáH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHnáH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHnáH (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*stūlā-",
"3": "*stūlwā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *stūlā-, *stūlwā-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *stūlā-, *stūlwā-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtyllë",
"tr": "pillar"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: shtyllë (pillar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: shtyllë (pillar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "postātwei"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: postātwei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: postātwei, postānimai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*stagnos",
"t": "tin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *stagnos (“tin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *stagnos (“tin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stamniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stamniz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stamniz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sefyll"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: sefyll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: sefyll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στάδιος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στάδιος (stádios)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στάδιος (stádios), στάδιον (stádion) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "stûn",
"t": "column, pillar"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: stûn (“column, pillar”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: stûn (“column, pillar”), rawe-STÎN (“to stand, to stop”), rawe-STANDIN (“to cause to stand/stop”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ایستادن",
"tr": "istâdan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ایستادن (istâdan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ایستادن (istâdan)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "стын"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: стын (styn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: стын (styn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "εσταες"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: εσταες (estaes)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "augmented with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁e-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(augmented with *h₁e-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: εσταες (estaes) (augmented with *h₁e-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*stäm-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *stäm-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *stäm-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ṣtäm-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ṣtäm-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ṣtäm-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "stäm-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: stäm-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: stäm-"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suffixed form *steh₂dʰ(h₁)-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*sth₂dʰ-mó-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *sth₂dʰ-mó-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *sth₂dʰ-mó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*statʰmós",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *statʰmós",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-tʰmós",
"alt1": "*stā-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*stā- + *-tʰmós",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or simply <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"grk-pro\">*stā-</i> + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"grk-pro\">*-tʰmós</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or simply *stā- + *-tʰmós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *statʰmós (or simply *stā- + *-tʰmós)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σταθμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σταθμός (stathmós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σταθμός (stathmós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂dʰh₁-om (“herd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stā́ˀda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stàdo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stàdo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stàdo (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōdą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōdą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*sth₂-né-dʰh₁-ti ~ *sth₂-n̥-dʰh₁-énti (extended nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*standaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *standaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *standaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stāds",
"t": "plant, seedling"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stāds (“plant, seedling”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stāds (“plant, seedling”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Extended form *steh₂w-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stéh₂w-eh₂-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀwēˀtei",
"3": "*stāˀwā́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwēˀtei, *stāˀwā́ˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwēˀtei, *stāˀwā́ˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stāvēt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: stāvēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: stāvēt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stovėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stovėti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stovėti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stavati",
"t": "to stand up, to become"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stavati (“to stand up, to become”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stavati (“to stand up, to become”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*steh₂w-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stā́ˀwīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stàviti",
"t": "to place, to put"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stàviti (“to place, to put”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stàviti (“to place, to put”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōjaną",
"t": "to stow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōjaną (“to stow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōjaną (“to stow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with laryngeal metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with laryngeal metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*steh₂u-rós, *st-u-h₂-rós (with laryngeal metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ստուար",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: ստուար (stuar)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Armenian: ստուար (stuar) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stauraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stauraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stauraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*staurós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *staurós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *staurós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σταυρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σταυρός (staurós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σταυρός (staurós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*stʰuHrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHrás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHrás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*stauros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stauros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stauros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "īnstaurō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: īnstaurō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: īnstaurō, restaurō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stoh₂w-ih₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*stōyyā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *stōyyā́",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law"
},
"expansion": "(apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *stōyyā́ (apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στοᾱ́",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στοᾱ́ (stoā́), στοιᾱ́ (stoiā́), στωῐ̈ᾱ́ (stōïā́), στοιή (stoiḗ), στῳᾱ́ (stōiā́)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στοᾱ́ (stoā́), στοιᾱ́ (stoiā́), στωῐ̈ᾱ́ (stōïā́), στοιή (stoiḗ), στῳᾱ́ (stōiā́) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*stoh₂w-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*stāˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stovà",
"t": "place"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: stovà (“place”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: stovà (“place”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stavъ",
"alt": "*stava",
"t": "structural part, joint"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *stava (“structural part, joint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *stava (“structural part, joint”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stōō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *stōō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *stōō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*staHwarás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*staHwarás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थावर",
"tr": "sthāvará"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्थावर (sthāvará)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्थावर (sthāvará)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ستاوند",
"tr": "sotâvand"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ستاوند (sotâvand)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ستاوند (sotâvand)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्था"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्था (sthā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्था (sthā)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*sed->to sit",
"5": "*-éh₂ti>stative suffix",
"id": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sed-",
"3": "*-éh₂ti",
"alt2": "*-eh₂-",
"pos2": "stative suffix",
"t1": "to sit"
},
"expansion": "*sed- (“to sit”) + *-eh₂- (stative suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "If not a primary root, possibly from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-eh₂- (stative suffix). Compare perhaps suiḋe, \"sit\", and also perhaps seasaṁ, \"stand\", with reduplicated PIE *steh₂, in Irish.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European sCeH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *sed-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₂ti"
],
"glosses": [
"to stand (up)"
],
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Augment (Indo-European)",
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Osthoff's law",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "teh₂-"
}
],
"word": "steh₂-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.