See spend- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for spend- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spénd-ti ~ *spn̥d-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅖𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾",
"tr": "iš-pa-a-an-ti",
"ts": "išpānti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒅖𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (iš-pa-a-an-ti /išpānti/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒅖𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (iš-pa-a-an-ti /išpānti/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*spéndō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *spéndō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *spéndō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σπένδω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σπένδω (spéndō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σπένδω (spéndō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*spendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *spendō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *spendō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "spentud",
"pos": "3sg.imp.II"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: spentud (3sg.imp.II)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: spentud (3sg.imp.II)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spḗnd-s-t ~ * spénd-s-n̥t (aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔσπεισᾰ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔσπεισᾰ (éspeisa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔσπεισᾰ (éspeisa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Epic Greek: σπεῖσᾰ (speîsa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*sponssai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *sponssai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *sponssai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spōnsīs",
"pos": "perf.subj."
},
"expansion": "Latin: spōnsīs (perf.subj.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: spōnsīs (perf.subj.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spe-spónd-e ~ *spe-spn̥d-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅆𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾",
"tr": "ši-pa-a-an-ti",
"ts": "šipānti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒅆𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (ši-pa-a-an-ti /šipānti/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒅆𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (ši-pa-a-an-ti /šipānti/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic: *spespondai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spepondī"
},
"expansion": "Latin: spepondī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: spepondī, spopondī"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spond-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*spondeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *spondeō\nLatin: spondeō\nOscan: spentud\nUmbrian: spefa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *spondeō\nLatin: spondeō\nOscan: spentud\nUmbrian: spefa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "?*spn̥d-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*spänt-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *spänt-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *spänt-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "späntetär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: späntetär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: späntetär"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spónd-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "spantai"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: spantai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: spantai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spond-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*spondā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *spondā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *spondā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σπονδή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σπονδή (spondḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σπονδή (spondḗ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spend-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to libate"
],
"id": "en-spend--ine-pro-root-kTv7nn3Q",
"links": [
[
"libate",
"libate"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spend-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spénd-ti ~ *spn̥d-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅖𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾",
"tr": "iš-pa-a-an-ti",
"ts": "išpānti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒅖𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (iš-pa-a-an-ti /išpānti/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒅖𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (iš-pa-a-an-ti /išpānti/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*spéndō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *spéndō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *spéndō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σπένδω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σπένδω (spéndō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σπένδω (spéndō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*spendō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *spendō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *spendō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "spentud",
"pos": "3sg.imp.II"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: spentud (3sg.imp.II)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: spentud (3sg.imp.II)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spḗnd-s-t ~ * spénd-s-n̥t (aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔσπεισᾰ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔσπεισᾰ (éspeisa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔσπεισᾰ (éspeisa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Epic Greek: σπεῖσᾰ (speîsa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*sponssai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *sponssai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *sponssai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spōnsīs",
"pos": "perf.subj."
},
"expansion": "Latin: spōnsīs (perf.subj.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: spōnsīs (perf.subj.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spe-spónd-e ~ *spe-spn̥d-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅆𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾",
"tr": "ši-pa-a-an-ti",
"ts": "šipānti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒅆𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (ši-pa-a-an-ti /šipānti/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒅆𒉺𒀀𒀭𒋾 (ši-pa-a-an-ti /šipānti/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic: *spespondai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spepondī"
},
"expansion": "Latin: spepondī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: spepondī, spopondī"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spond-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*spondeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *spondeō\nLatin: spondeō\nOscan: spentud\nUmbrian: spefa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *spondeō\nLatin: spondeō\nOscan: spentud\nUmbrian: spefa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "?*spn̥d-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*spänt-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *spänt-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *spänt-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "späntetär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: späntetär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: späntetär"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spónd-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "spantai"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: spantai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: spantai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*spond-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*spondā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *spondā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *spondā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σπονδή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σπονδή (spondḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σπονδή (spondḗ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spend-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shape roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to libate"
],
"links": [
[
"libate",
"libate"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spend-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.