See plewk- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for plewk- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléwk-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleuhaną",
"t": "to flee"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuhaną (“to flee”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuhaną (“to flee”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleuganą",
"t": "to fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuganą (“to fly”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "reanalyzed"
},
"expansion": "(reanalyzed)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuganą (“to fly”) (reanalyzed) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plowk-yé-ti (o-grade yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flaugijaną",
"t": "to fly up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flaugijaną (“to fly up”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flaugijaną (“to fly up”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plaũkti",
"t": "to swim"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plaũkti (“to swim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plaũkti (“to swim”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pluk-yé-ti (0-grade yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plúkti",
"t": "to strike, to splash"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plúkti (“to strike, to splash”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plúkti (“to strike, to splash”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plyčьkati",
"t": "to splash, to crawl in water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plyčьkati (“to splash, to crawl in water”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "expressive",
"2": "extended with *-kati"
},
"expansion": "(expressive, extended with *-kati)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *plyčьkati (“to splash, to crawl in water”) (expressive, extended with *-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*plugijaną",
"t": "to plug",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *plugijaną (“to plug”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with unexpected \"unshifted\" *p"
},
"expansion": "(with unexpected \"unshifted\" *p)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *plugijaną (“to plug”) (with unexpected \"unshifted\" *p)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewk-éh₂-ti (éh₂-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleugōną",
"t": "to fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugōną (“to fly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugōną (“to fly”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewk-sḱ-éy-ti (sḱ-inchoative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pľuščiti",
"t": "to flap, to press"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pľuščiti (“to flap, to press”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pľuščiti (“to flap, to press”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewk-éh₂n ~ *pluk-éh₂n (Germ. ōn-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleugǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugǭ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugǭ / *flugǭ (“fly, flying insect”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*plówk-os (o-stem nominal) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pláukas",
"t": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pláukas (“hair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pláukas (“hair”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plaûki",
"t": "flakes, fibers"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plaûki (“flakes, fibers”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plaûki (“flakes, fibers”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flauhaz",
"t": "flea"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flauhaz (“flea”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps replacing an extinct reflex of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*plúsis</i> by folk etymology"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps replacing an extinct reflex of *plúsis by folk etymology)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flauhaz (“flea”) (perhaps replacing an extinct reflex of *plúsis by folk etymology) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pluk-lós (l-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fuglaz",
"t": "fowl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fuglaz (“fowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from earlier <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*fluglaz</i> by dissimilation"
},
"expansion": "(from earlier *fluglaz by dissimilation)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fuglaz (“fowl”) (from earlier *fluglaz by dissimilation) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pluk-nós (n-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flukkaz",
"t": "flock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flukkaz (“flock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flukkaz (“flock”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plú-n-k-sneh₂"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew(k)-smeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plow(k)smā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plow(k)smā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plow(k)smā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plūma"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plūma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plūma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plúk-tis (i-stem t-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fluhtiz",
"t": "flight"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fluhtiz (“flight”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fluhtiz (“flight”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fliugika-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fliugika-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fliugika-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fluganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fluganą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fluganą"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flugilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flugilaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flugilaz (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended form of *plew- (“to fly, flow, run”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fly, flow, run"
],
"id": "en-plewk--ine-pro-root-qpj7piGS",
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:R:ine:AHD",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to splash, to flap with hands"
],
"id": "en-plewk--ine-pro-root-0v86K6Tk",
"links": [
[
"splash",
"splash"
],
[
"flap",
"flap"
],
[
"hands",
"hands"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "plewk-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:R:ine:AHD",
"Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléwk-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleuhaną",
"t": "to flee"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuhaną (“to flee”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuhaną (“to flee”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleuganą",
"t": "to fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuganą (“to fly”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "reanalyzed"
},
"expansion": "(reanalyzed)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleuganą (“to fly”) (reanalyzed) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plowk-yé-ti (o-grade yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flaugijaną",
"t": "to fly up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flaugijaną (“to fly up”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flaugijaną (“to fly up”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plaũkti",
"t": "to swim"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plaũkti (“to swim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plaũkti (“to swim”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pluk-yé-ti (0-grade yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plúkti",
"t": "to strike, to splash"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plúkti (“to strike, to splash”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plúkti (“to strike, to splash”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plyčьkati",
"t": "to splash, to crawl in water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plyčьkati (“to splash, to crawl in water”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "expressive",
"2": "extended with *-kati"
},
"expansion": "(expressive, extended with *-kati)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *plyčьkati (“to splash, to crawl in water”) (expressive, extended with *-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*plugijaną",
"t": "to plug",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *plugijaną (“to plug”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with unexpected \"unshifted\" *p"
},
"expansion": "(with unexpected \"unshifted\" *p)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *plugijaną (“to plug”) (with unexpected \"unshifted\" *p)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewk-éh₂-ti (éh₂-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleugōną",
"t": "to fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugōną (“to fly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugōną (“to fly”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewk-sḱ-éy-ti (sḱ-inchoative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pľuščiti",
"t": "to flap, to press"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pľuščiti (“to flap, to press”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pľuščiti (“to flap, to press”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewk-éh₂n ~ *pluk-éh₂n (Germ. ōn-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fleugǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugǭ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fleugǭ / *flugǭ (“fly, flying insect”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*plówk-os (o-stem nominal) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pláukas",
"t": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pláukas (“hair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pláukas (“hair”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plaûki",
"t": "flakes, fibers"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plaûki (“flakes, fibers”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plaûki (“flakes, fibers”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flauhaz",
"t": "flea"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flauhaz (“flea”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps replacing an extinct reflex of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*plúsis</i> by folk etymology"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps replacing an extinct reflex of *plúsis by folk etymology)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flauhaz (“flea”) (perhaps replacing an extinct reflex of *plúsis by folk etymology) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pluk-lós (l-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fuglaz",
"t": "fowl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fuglaz (“fowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from earlier <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*fluglaz</i> by dissimilation"
},
"expansion": "(from earlier *fluglaz by dissimilation)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fuglaz (“fowl”) (from earlier *fluglaz by dissimilation) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pluk-nós (n-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flukkaz",
"t": "flock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flukkaz (“flock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flukkaz (“flock”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plú-n-k-sneh₂"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew(k)-smeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plow(k)smā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plow(k)smā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plow(k)smā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plūma"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plūma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plūma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plúk-tis (i-stem t-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fluhtiz",
"t": "flight"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fluhtiz (“flight”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fluhtiz (“flight”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fliugika-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fliugika-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fliugika-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fluganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fluganą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fluganą"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flugilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flugilaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flugilaz (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended form of *plew- (“to fly, flow, run”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fly, flow, run"
],
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to splash, to flap with hands"
],
"links": [
[
"splash",
"splash"
],
[
"flap",
"flap"
],
[
"hands",
"hands"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "plewk-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.