See pleh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pleh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-is ~ *pl̥h₂-éys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pl̥Hís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *pl̥Hís",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *pl̥Hís"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒁄𒄭𒅖",
"tr": "pal-ḫi-iš",
"ts": "palḫis"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (pal-ḫi-iš /palḫis/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (pal-ḫi-iš /palḫis/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pl̥h₂(e)meh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlāmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlāmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlāmā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fulmō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fulmō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*palámā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *palámā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *palámā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παλάμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: παλάμη (palámē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: παλάμη (palámē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pəlmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pəlmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pəlmā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palma"
},
"expansion": "Latin: palma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: palma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-nos, *pl̥h₂-nos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plānos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plānos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plānos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plānus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plānus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ploh₂-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*polh₂-no-s (metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plāˀnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plāˀnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesized"
},
"expansion": "(metathesized)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plāˀnas, *palˀnas (metathesized)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plans",
"alt": "plāns",
"t": "thin"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plāns (“thin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plāns (“thin”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plonas",
"t": "thin"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plonas (“thin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plonas (“thin”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "plonis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: plonis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: plonis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pȏlnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏlnъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏlnъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-ro- (*ploh₂-ro- is equally possible)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlārom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlārom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlārom (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flōraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flōraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flōraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléh₂-n̥t-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāntā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāntā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāntā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "planta"
},
"expansion": "Latin: planta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: planta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-trom or *pl̥h₂-trom or *ploh₂-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlātrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlātrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlātrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*llọdr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *llọdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *llọdr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "loer"
},
"expansion": "Breton: loer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: loer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "loder"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: loder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: loder"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llawdr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llawdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llawdr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "láthar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: láthar\nMiddle Irish: láither, láthair\nIrish: láthair\nScottish Gaelic: làthair",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: láthar\nMiddle Irish: láither, láthair\nIrish: láthair\nScottish Gaelic: làthair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pl̥h₂-u-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plautus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plautus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plautus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pl̥h₂-em"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*palam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *palam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *palam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palam"
},
"expansion": "Latin: palam",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: palam (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լայն",
"gloss": "wide, broad"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լայն (layn, “wide, broad”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լայն (layn, “wide, broad”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "*հոլ-",
"gloss": "uncovered, naked",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: *հոլ- (*hol-, “uncovered, naked”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Armenian: *հոլ- (*hol-, “uncovered, naked”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plakans",
"t": "flat, even"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plakans (“flat, even”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plakans (“flat, even”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plakãnas",
"t": "flat"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plakãnas (“flat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plakãnas (“flat”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poľe",
"pos": "Schwebeablaut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *poľe (Schwebeablaut)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *poľe (Schwebeablaut) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare *pleth₂- (“flat”) and *pel- (“skin, hide, membrane, cloth”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flat"
],
"id": "en-pleh₂--ine-pro-root-XcJ68of6",
"links": [
[
"flat",
"flat"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pleth₂-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pleh₂-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-is ~ *pl̥h₂-éys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pl̥Hís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *pl̥Hís",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *pl̥Hís"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒁄𒄭𒅖",
"tr": "pal-ḫi-iš",
"ts": "palḫis"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (pal-ḫi-iš /palḫis/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (pal-ḫi-iš /palḫis/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pl̥h₂(e)meh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlāmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlāmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlāmā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fulmō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fulmō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*palámā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *palámā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *palámā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παλάμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: παλάμη (palámē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: παλάμη (palámē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pəlmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pəlmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pəlmā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palma"
},
"expansion": "Latin: palma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: palma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-nos, *pl̥h₂-nos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plānos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plānos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plānos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plānus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plānus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ploh₂-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*polh₂-no-s (metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plāˀnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plāˀnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesized"
},
"expansion": "(metathesized)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plāˀnas, *palˀnas (metathesized)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plans",
"alt": "plāns",
"t": "thin"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plāns (“thin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plāns (“thin”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plonas",
"t": "thin"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plonas (“thin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plonas (“thin”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "plonis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: plonis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: plonis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pȏlnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏlnъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏlnъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-ro- (*ploh₂-ro- is equally possible)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlārom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlārom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlārom (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flōraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flōraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flōraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléh₂-n̥t-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāntā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāntā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāntā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "planta"
},
"expansion": "Latin: planta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: planta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pleh₂-trom or *pl̥h₂-trom or *ploh₂-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlātrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlātrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlātrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*llọdr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *llọdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *llọdr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "loer"
},
"expansion": "Breton: loer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: loer"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "loder"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: loder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: loder"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llawdr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llawdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llawdr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "láthar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: láthar\nMiddle Irish: láither, láthair\nIrish: láthair\nScottish Gaelic: làthair",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: láthar\nMiddle Irish: láither, láthair\nIrish: láthair\nScottish Gaelic: làthair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pl̥h₂-u-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plautus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plautus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plautus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pl̥h₂-em"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*palam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *palam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *palam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palam"
},
"expansion": "Latin: palam",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: palam (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լայն",
"gloss": "wide, broad"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լայն (layn, “wide, broad”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լայն (layn, “wide, broad”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "*հոլ-",
"gloss": "uncovered, naked",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: *հոլ- (*hol-, “uncovered, naked”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Armenian: *հոլ- (*hol-, “uncovered, naked”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plakans",
"t": "flat, even"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plakans (“flat, even”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plakans (“flat, even”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plakãnas",
"t": "flat"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plakãnas (“flat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plakãnas (“flat”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poľe",
"pos": "Schwebeablaut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *poľe (Schwebeablaut)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *poľe (Schwebeablaut) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare *pleth₂- (“flat”) and *pel- (“skin, hide, membrane, cloth”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"flat"
],
"links": [
[
"flat",
"flat"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pleth₂-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pleh₂-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.