See pers- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérs-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páršati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páršati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*párṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्षति",
"tr": "párṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पर्षति (párṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पर्षति (párṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pe-pérs-ti ~ *pe-pr̥s-énti (reduplicated athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉺𒀊𒈦𒀸𒍣",
"tr": "pa-ap-pár-as-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉺𒀊𒈦𒀸𒍣 (pa-ap-pár-as-zi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉺𒀊𒈦𒀸𒍣 (pa-ap-pár-as-zi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥s-ló-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*puršlas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *puršlas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *puršlas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pur̃slas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pur̃slas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pur̃slas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérs-ont-s ~ *pŕ̥s-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥šants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥šants",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥šants"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀 (paršuiia)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀 (paršuiia)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pelişîn",
"t": "to scatter, sprinkle, crush, decay"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pelişîn (“to scatter, sprinkle, crush, decay”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pelişîn (“to scatter, sprinkle, crush, decay”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاشیدن",
"tr": "pâšidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاشیدن (pâšidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاشیدن (pâšidan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥ṣants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥ṣants",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥ṣants"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृषत्",
"tr": "pṛ́ṣat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पृषत् (pṛ́ṣat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पृषत् (pṛ́ṣat)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pors-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*paršas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paršas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paršas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pā̀rsla"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pā̀rsla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pā̀rsla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pȏrxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏrxъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏrxъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pŕ̥s-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*piršas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *piršas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *piršas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pь̑rxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rxъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rxъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fursaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fursaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fursaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pŕ̥s-ti-s ~ *pr̥s-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pirštis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirštis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirštis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pìrkstis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pìrkstis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pìrkstis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pir̃kšnys"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pir̃kšnys",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pir̃kšnys"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pь̑rstь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rstь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rstь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pärs-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärs-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärs-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "präsā-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: präsā-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: präsā-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärs-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Tocharian A: pärs-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Tocharian A: pärs-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰉𐰺𐰽",
"bor": "1",
"t": "leopard",
"tr": "bars",
"ts": "b¹r¹s¹",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺𐰽 (bars /b¹r¹s¹/, “leopard”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺𐰽 (bars /b¹r¹s¹/, “leopard”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻",
"3": "𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "bars",
"tr2": "taš"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 (bars), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 (bars), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pärsā-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pärsā-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pärsā-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sprinkle, to spatter"
],
"id": "en-pers--ine-pro-root-AM-qoq9r",
"links": [
[
"sprinkle",
"sprinkle"
],
[
"spatter",
"spatter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pers-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérs-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páršati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páršati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*párṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्षति",
"tr": "párṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पर्षति (párṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पर्षति (párṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pe-pérs-ti ~ *pe-pr̥s-énti (reduplicated athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉺𒀊𒈦𒀸𒍣",
"tr": "pa-ap-pár-as-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉺𒀊𒈦𒀸𒍣 (pa-ap-pár-as-zi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉺𒀊𒈦𒀸𒍣 (pa-ap-pár-as-zi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥s-ló-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*puršlas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *puršlas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *puršlas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pur̃slas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pur̃slas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pur̃slas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérs-ont-s ~ *pŕ̥s-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥šants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥šants",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥šants"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀 (paršuiia)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀 (paršuiia)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pelişîn",
"t": "to scatter, sprinkle, crush, decay"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pelişîn (“to scatter, sprinkle, crush, decay”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pelişîn (“to scatter, sprinkle, crush, decay”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاشیدن",
"tr": "pâšidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاشیدن (pâšidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاشیدن (pâšidan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥ṣants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥ṣants",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥ṣants"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृषत्",
"tr": "pṛ́ṣat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पृषत् (pṛ́ṣat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पृषत् (pṛ́ṣat)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pors-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*paršas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paršas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paršas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pā̀rsla"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pā̀rsla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pā̀rsla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pȏrxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏrxъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pȏrxъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pŕ̥s-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*piršas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *piršas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *piršas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pь̑rxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rxъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rxъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fursaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fursaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fursaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pŕ̥s-ti-s ~ *pr̥s-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pirštis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirštis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirštis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pìrkstis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pìrkstis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pìrkstis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pir̃kšnys"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pir̃kšnys",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pir̃kšnys"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pь̑rstь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rstь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rstь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pärs-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärs-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärs-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "präsā-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: präsā-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: präsā-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärs-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Tocharian A: pärs-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Tocharian A: pärs-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰉𐰺𐰽",
"bor": "1",
"t": "leopard",
"tr": "bars",
"ts": "b¹r¹s¹",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺𐰽 (bars /b¹r¹s¹/, “leopard”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺𐰽 (bars /b¹r¹s¹/, “leopard”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻",
"3": "𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "bars",
"tr2": "taš"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 (bars), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 (bars), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pärsā-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pärsā-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pärsā-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to sprinkle, to spatter"
],
"links": [
[
"sprinkle",
"sprinkle"
],
[
"spatter",
"spatter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pers-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pers- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.