See peh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂(y)-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pa ̊"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pa ̊",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *pa ̊"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pashë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: pashë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: pashë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*péh₂-ti ~ *ph₂-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*páHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाति",
"tr": "pā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पाति (pā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पाति (pā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*páHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *páHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *páHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬝"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬝 (pāt̰)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬝 (pāt̰)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pa (as in pavan (“guardian”), panêrr (“warden”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*péh₂-s-ti ~ *ph₂-s-énti (s-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ph₂-sḱé-ti (*sḱé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pāskō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pāskō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly; enlarged into a sḱe-present"
},
"expansion": "(possibly; enlarged into a sḱe-present)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pāskō (possibly; enlarged into a sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pāscō",
"gloss": "put to graze"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pāscō (“put to graze”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pāscō (“put to graze”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pāsk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāsk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāsk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian A: pās- (\"to look after, guard\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian: paskenträ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-t-éye- or *ph₂-t-éye- (enlarged causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōdijaną",
"gloss": "to feed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdijaną (“to feed”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdijaną (“to feed”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πατέομαι",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πατέομαι (patéomai, “to eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πατέομαι (patéomai, “to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ph₂-t-éh₂-(ye)-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fadōną",
"gloss": "to graze, feed oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fadōną (“to graze, feed oneself”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fadōną (“to graze, feed oneself”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶμα",
"gloss": "lid, cover"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πῶμα (pôma, “lid, cover”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πῶμα (pôma, “lid, cover”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-i-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "piemuõ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: piemuõ (“shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: piemuõ (“shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*paimën",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *paimën (“shepherd”)\nFinnish: paimen\nIngrian: paimen\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: paimen\nSouth Karelian: paimen\nLivonian: paint\nLudian: paimen\nVeps: paimen\nVotic: paimõn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *paimën (“shepherd”)\nFinnish: paimen\nIngrian: paimen\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: paimen\nSouth Karelian: paimen\nLivonian: paint\nLudian: paimen\nVeps: paimen\nVotic: paimõn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀡𐀕",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀕 (po-me, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀕 (po-me, “shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποιμήν",
"gloss": "shepherd, herdsman"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-yus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*paHyúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paHyúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paHyúš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*paHyúṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paHyúṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paHyúṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पायु",
"gloss": "guard, protector",
"tr": "pāyú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पायु (pāyú, “guard, protector”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पायु (pāyú, “guard, protector”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*paHyúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *paHyúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *paHyúš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎 (pāiiu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎 (pāiiu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or from a nursery form *pa"
},
"expansion": "(or from a nursery form *pa)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*ph₂tḗr (“father”) (or from a nursery form *pa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-tew-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *pātew-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاده",
"3": "",
"gloss": "flock",
"tr": "pâda"
},
"expansion": "Persian پاده (pâda, “flock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "Persian پاده (pâda, “flock”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "pawetene",
"gloss": "to protect"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: pawetene (“to protect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: pawetene (“to protect”), with metathesis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *ā-pāta- \"city, cultivated\""
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "آباد",
"gloss": "inhabited, cultivated; city, habitation",
"tr": "âbâd"
},
"expansion": "Persian: آباد (âbâd, “inhabited, cultivated; city, habitation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: آباد (âbâd, “inhabited, cultivated; city, habitation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "αβαδο",
"gloss": "cultivated"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: αβαδο (abado, “cultivated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: αβαδο (abado, “cultivated”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "awedan",
"gloss": "built; inhabited; florishing"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: awedan (“built; inhabited; florishing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: awedan (“built; inhabited; florishing”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ava",
"gloss": "built; inhabited; florishing"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: ava (“built; inhabited; florishing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: ava (“built; inhabited; florishing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *ā-pāta-na \"city hall\""
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴",
"ts": "apadāna"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 (a-p-d-a-n /apadāna/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 (a-p-d-a-n /apadāna/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian *pawta- \"flock\" (with metathesis):"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Armenian: հաւտ (hawt, “flock”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "*հօտաղ",
"alt": "*հաւտաղ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *հաւտաղ (*hawtał, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *հաւտաղ (*hawtał, “shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "հոտաղ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: հոտաղ (hotaġ, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: հոտաղ (hotaġ, “shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "? *peh₂-lo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पाल (pāla)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"sa\">पार</i> (pārá)"
},
"expansion": "(or from पार (pārá))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पाल (pāla) (or from पार (pārá))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-tro- (“guarder, protector, keeper”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հօրան",
"alt": "հաւրան",
"gloss": "herd"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հաւրան (hawran, “herd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հաւրան (hawran, “herd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páHtras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*páHθrah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *páHθrah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *páHθrah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (pāθra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (pāθra)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "pʾs",
"gloss": "guard, watch",
"tr": "pās"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: pʾs (pās, “guard, watch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: pʾs (pās, “guard, watch”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاس",
"tr": "pâs"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاس (pâs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاس (pâs)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manichaean Middle Persian: pʾhr (pāhr, “watch-post”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پهر",
"tr": "pahr"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پهر (pahr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پهر (pahr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "պարհ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: պարհ (parh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: պարհ (parh), պահ (pah)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "պահրան",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: պահրան (pahran)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: պահրան (pahran) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*patriti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *patriti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *patriti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-dʰlom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pābulum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pābulum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pābulum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-dʰrom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōdrą",
"gloss": "fodder, sheath"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdrą (“fodder, sheath”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdrą (“fodder, sheath”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*Péh₂-usōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Πάν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Πάν (Pán)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Πάν (Pán)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*puHšā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHšā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHšā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*puHṣā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHṣā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHṣā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पूषन्",
"gloss": "Vedic god of meeting, marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle",
"tr": "pūṣán"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पूषन् (pūṣán, “Vedic god of meeting, marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पूषन् (pūṣán, “Vedic god of meeting, marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pawan",
"t": "domain; grazing-land, reserved or hired and fixed pasture; sheeppen; preserver, protector"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pawan (“domain; grazing-land, reserved or hired and fixed pasture; sheeppen; preserver, protector”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pawan (“domain; grazing-land, reserved or hired and fixed pasture; sheeppen; preserver, protector”), poxan (“landfill”) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*péh₂-tōr ~ ph₂-tr-és (“protector, guardian”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*páHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHtā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHtā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पातृ",
"alt": "पाता",
"t": "protector, guardian",
"tr": "pātā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पाता (pātā́, “protector, guardian”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पाता (pātā́, “protector, guardian”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*páHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *páHtā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *páHtā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭",
"alt": "𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬁 (pātā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬁 (pātā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հովիւ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հովիւ (hoviw, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հովիւ (hoviw, “shepherd”) < *h₃éwi-peh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "(?) Old Armenian: հայիմ (hayim, “to watch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōdô",
"gloss": "food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdô (“food”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdô (“food”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōstrą",
"gloss": "fostering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōstrą (“fostering”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōstrą (“fostering”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶυ",
"gloss": "flock of sheep"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πῶυ (pôu, “flock of sheep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πῶυ (pôu, “flock of sheep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*paH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paH-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*paH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *paH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *paH-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "payîn",
"gloss": "to wait, to anticipate"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: payîn (“to wait, to anticipate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: payîn (“to wait, to anticipate”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹",
"alt": "𐎱𐎠",
"ts": "pā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠 (p-a /pā-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠 (p-a /pā-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "NTLWNtn'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (NTLWNtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (NTLWNtn'), to protect, guard (pʾtn' /pādan/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاییدن",
"tr": "pâyidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاییدن (pâyidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاییدن (pâyidan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "panis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: panis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: panis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "Latin: penes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: penes, penetrō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "penus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: penus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: penus, Penātes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "puni"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: puni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: puni"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to protect, to ward"
],
"id": "en-peh₂--ine-pro-root-REe0KR7B",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"ward",
"ward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shepherd"
],
"id": "en-peh₂--ine-pro-root-eBlHXjT2",
"links": [
[
"shepherd",
"shepherd"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "peh₂-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂(y)-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pa ̊"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pa ̊",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *pa ̊"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pashë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: pashë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: pashë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*péh₂-ti ~ *ph₂-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*páHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाति",
"tr": "pā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पाति (pā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पाति (pā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*páHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *páHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *páHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬝"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬝 (pāt̰)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬝 (pāt̰)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pa (as in pavan (“guardian”), panêrr (“warden”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*péh₂-s-ti ~ *ph₂-s-énti (s-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ph₂-sḱé-ti (*sḱé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pāskō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pāskō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly; enlarged into a sḱe-present"
},
"expansion": "(possibly; enlarged into a sḱe-present)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pāskō (possibly; enlarged into a sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pāscō",
"gloss": "put to graze"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pāscō (“put to graze”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pāscō (“put to graze”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pāsk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāsk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pāsk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian A: pās- (\"to look after, guard\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian: paskenträ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-t-éye- or *ph₂-t-éye- (enlarged causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōdijaną",
"gloss": "to feed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdijaną (“to feed”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdijaną (“to feed”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πατέομαι",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πατέομαι (patéomai, “to eat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πατέομαι (patéomai, “to eat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ph₂-t-éh₂-(ye)-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fadōną",
"gloss": "to graze, feed oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fadōną (“to graze, feed oneself”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fadōną (“to graze, feed oneself”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶμα",
"gloss": "lid, cover"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πῶμα (pôma, “lid, cover”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πῶμα (pôma, “lid, cover”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-i-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "piemuõ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: piemuõ (“shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: piemuõ (“shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*paimën",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *paimën (“shepherd”)\nFinnish: paimen\nIngrian: paimen\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: paimen\nSouth Karelian: paimen\nLivonian: paint\nLudian: paimen\nVeps: paimen\nVotic: paimõn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *paimën (“shepherd”)\nFinnish: paimen\nIngrian: paimen\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: paimen\nSouth Karelian: paimen\nLivonian: paint\nLudian: paimen\nVeps: paimen\nVotic: paimõn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀡𐀕",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀕 (po-me, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀕 (po-me, “shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποιμήν",
"gloss": "shepherd, herdsman"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*poh₂-yus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*paHyúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paHyúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paHyúš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*paHyúṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paHyúṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paHyúṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पायु",
"gloss": "guard, protector",
"tr": "pāyú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पायु (pāyú, “guard, protector”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पायु (pāyú, “guard, protector”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*paHyúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *paHyúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *paHyúš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎 (pāiiu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎 (pāiiu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or from a nursery form *pa"
},
"expansion": "(or from a nursery form *pa)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*ph₂tḗr (“father”) (or from a nursery form *pa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-tew-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *pātew-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاده",
"3": "",
"gloss": "flock",
"tr": "pâda"
},
"expansion": "Persian پاده (pâda, “flock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "Persian پاده (pâda, “flock”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "pawetene",
"gloss": "to protect"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: pawetene (“to protect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: pawetene (“to protect”), with metathesis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *ā-pāta- \"city, cultivated\""
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "آباد",
"gloss": "inhabited, cultivated; city, habitation",
"tr": "âbâd"
},
"expansion": "Persian: آباد (âbâd, “inhabited, cultivated; city, habitation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: آباد (âbâd, “inhabited, cultivated; city, habitation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "αβαδο",
"gloss": "cultivated"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: αβαδο (abado, “cultivated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: αβαδο (abado, “cultivated”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "awedan",
"gloss": "built; inhabited; florishing"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: awedan (“built; inhabited; florishing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: awedan (“built; inhabited; florishing”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ava",
"gloss": "built; inhabited; florishing"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: ava (“built; inhabited; florishing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: ava (“built; inhabited; florishing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *ā-pāta-na \"city hall\""
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴",
"ts": "apadāna"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 (a-p-d-a-n /apadāna/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 (a-p-d-a-n /apadāna/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian *pawta- \"flock\" (with metathesis):"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Armenian: հաւտ (hawt, “flock”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "*հօտաղ",
"alt": "*հաւտաղ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *հաւտաղ (*hawtał, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *հաւտաղ (*hawtał, “shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "հոտաղ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: հոտաղ (hotaġ, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: հոտաղ (hotaġ, “shepherd”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "? *peh₂-lo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पाल (pāla)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"sa\">पार</i> (pārá)"
},
"expansion": "(or from पार (pārá))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पाल (pāla) (or from पार (pārá))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-tro- (“guarder, protector, keeper”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հօրան",
"alt": "հաւրան",
"gloss": "herd"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հաւրան (hawran, “herd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հաւրան (hawran, “herd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páHtras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*páHθrah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *páHθrah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *páHθrah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (pāθra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (pāθra)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "pʾs",
"gloss": "guard, watch",
"tr": "pās"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: pʾs (pās, “guard, watch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: pʾs (pās, “guard, watch”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاس",
"tr": "pâs"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاس (pâs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاس (pâs)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manichaean Middle Persian: pʾhr (pāhr, “watch-post”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پهر",
"tr": "pahr"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پهر (pahr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پهر (pahr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "պարհ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: պարհ (parh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: պարհ (parh), պահ (pah)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "պահրան",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: պահրան (pahran)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: պահրան (pahran) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*patriti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *patriti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *patriti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-dʰlom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pābulum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pābulum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pābulum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*peh₂-dʰrom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōdrą",
"gloss": "fodder, sheath"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdrą (“fodder, sheath”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdrą (“fodder, sheath”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*Péh₂-usōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Πάν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Πάν (Pán)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Πάν (Pán)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*puHšā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHšā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHšā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*puHṣā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHṣā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHṣā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पूषन्",
"gloss": "Vedic god of meeting, marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle",
"tr": "pūṣán"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पूषन् (pūṣán, “Vedic god of meeting, marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पूषन् (pūṣán, “Vedic god of meeting, marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pawan",
"t": "domain; grazing-land, reserved or hired and fixed pasture; sheeppen; preserver, protector"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pawan (“domain; grazing-land, reserved or hired and fixed pasture; sheeppen; preserver, protector”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pawan (“domain; grazing-land, reserved or hired and fixed pasture; sheeppen; preserver, protector”), poxan (“landfill”) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*péh₂-tōr ~ ph₂-tr-és (“protector, guardian”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*páHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*páHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHtā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHtā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पातृ",
"alt": "पाता",
"t": "protector, guardian",
"tr": "pātā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पाता (pātā́, “protector, guardian”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पाता (pātā́, “protector, guardian”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*páHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *páHtā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *páHtā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭",
"alt": "𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬁 (pātā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬁 (pātā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հովիւ",
"gloss": "shepherd"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հովիւ (hoviw, “shepherd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հովիւ (hoviw, “shepherd”) < *h₃éwi-peh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "(?) Old Armenian: հայիմ (hayim, “to watch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōdô",
"gloss": "food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdô (“food”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōdô (“food”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōstrą",
"gloss": "fostering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōstrą (“fostering”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōstrą (“fostering”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶυ",
"gloss": "flock of sheep"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πῶυ (pôu, “flock of sheep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πῶυ (pôu, “flock of sheep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*paH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paH-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*paH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *paH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *paH-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "payîn",
"gloss": "to wait, to anticipate"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: payîn (“to wait, to anticipate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: payîn (“to wait, to anticipate”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹",
"alt": "𐎱𐎠",
"ts": "pā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠 (p-a /pā-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠 (p-a /pā-/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "NTLWNtn'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (NTLWNtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (NTLWNtn'), to protect, guard (pʾtn' /pādan/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاییدن",
"tr": "pâyidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاییدن (pâyidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاییدن (pâyidan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "panis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: panis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: panis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "Latin: penes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: penes, penetrō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "penus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: penus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: penus, Penātes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "puni"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: puni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: puni"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to protect, to ward"
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"ward",
"ward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shepherd"
],
"links": [
[
"shepherd",
"shepherd"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "peh₂-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for peh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (19.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.