See nu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nu meaning in Proto-Indo-European (14.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"english": "now, today",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nū̃n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"english": "now, today, nowadays",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nūnaĩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nýnče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "ны́нче"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nónče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́нче"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nóneča",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́неча"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nŷnʹka",
"sense": "Carpathian Rusyn: нынї (nŷnji)",
"word": "нынька"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nýnʹka",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"word": "ни́нька"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nýnʹky",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ньки"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nýnika",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ніка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nyně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нꙑнѣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nŭnja",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нънꙗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nŭně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "ⱀⱏⱀⱑ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Old Polish: nynie",
"tags": [
"Polish"
],
"word": "ninie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūnám",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nūnám",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नूनम्"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūrə̄m",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬇𐬨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūrəm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬆𐬨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūrąm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬄𐬨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"alt": "nūn",
"sense": "Old Persian: 𐎵𐎢𐎼𐎶 (nu-u-r-m)",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Persian"
],
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "yanū̃́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "önũ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nu",
"3": "tani",
"4": "ani",
"t": "when",
"t2": "now",
"t3": "later"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉡",
"t": "now, and",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "na-a-nu-un",
"ts": "nānun"
},
"expansion": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"sc": "Hluw",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "awa-"
},
"expansion": "Anatolian Hieroglyphs script: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (awa-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anatolian Hieroglyphs script: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (awa-); [script needed] (unu), [script needed] (unun)}"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plq",
"2": "𒉡",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "niu",
"3": "niule",
"4": "niulen",
"t3": "now"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nū",
"3": "nù",
"t2": "now"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*nъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ну"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ну (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ну (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну-ну́",
"4": "ну́тка",
"5": "ану́тка"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"10": "ну́-ко",
"11": "ну́-кось",
"12": "ну́-тка",
"2": "ну́-ка",
"3": "ну́-кась",
"4": "ну́-кася",
"5": "ну-с",
"6": "ну́те",
"7": "ну́те-ка",
"8": "ну́те-с",
"9": "ну-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"10": "ноле",
"11": "оле",
"2": "ану",
"3": "ануж",
"4": "ноже",
"5": "нуж",
"6": "нуже",
"7": "анужек",
"8": "нолем",
"9": "нолиш"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну́-бо",
"4": "ану́бо",
"5": "ну́мо",
"6": "ну́мте",
"7": "ану́те",
"8": "ну-ну́",
"9": "ану-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱀⱏ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ну",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ну",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ну"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nu",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: no"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Czech: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "nuže"
},
"expansion": "Czech: nuže",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: nuže"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Polish: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ano"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ano"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "nuž"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: nuž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: nuž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "nu",
"3": "no-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: nu, no-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: nu, no-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"3": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νῦν",
"3": "νυν",
"4": "νυ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नु",
"3": "नू",
"t2": "now",
"tr": "nú",
"tr2": "nū́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬏",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "niha",
"tr": "nihā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā), noke (nōka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ھەنووکە",
"t": "now",
"tr": "hanūka"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "nika",
"t": "now",
"tr": "nikā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nūper"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nūper",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nūper"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*nu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nu",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"now"
],
"id": "en-nu-ine-pro-adv-7V65o34t",
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Old Czech: nenie",
"tags": [
"Czech"
],
"word": "nyní"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"english": "now",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "num"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"alt": "< *num + -ce",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "nunc"
}
],
"glosses": [
"well (as an interjection)"
],
"id": "en-nu-ine-pro-adv-34TK3ZfA",
"links": [
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"id": "en-nu-ine-pro-adv-YgERG4Og",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "nu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "now, today",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nū̃n"
},
{
"english": "now, today, nowadays",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nūnaĩ"
},
{
"roman": "nýnče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "ны́нче"
},
{
"roman": "nónče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́нче"
},
{
"roman": "nóneča",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́неча"
},
{
"roman": "nŷnʹka",
"sense": "Carpathian Rusyn: нынї (nŷnji)",
"word": "нынька"
},
{
"roman": "nýnʹka",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"word": "ни́нька"
},
{
"roman": "nýnʹky",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ньки"
},
{
"roman": "nýnika",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ніка"
},
{
"roman": "nyně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нꙑнѣ"
},
{
"roman": "nŭnja",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нънꙗ"
},
{
"roman": "nŭně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "ⱀⱏⱀⱑ"
},
{
"sense": "Old Czech: nenie",
"tags": [
"Czech"
],
"word": "nyní"
},
{
"sense": "Old Polish: nynie",
"tags": [
"Polish"
],
"word": "ninie"
},
{
"roman": "nūnám",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nūnám",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नूनम्"
},
{
"roman": "nūrə̄m",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬇𐬨"
},
{
"roman": "nūrəm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬆𐬨"
},
{
"roman": "nūrąm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬄𐬨"
},
{
"alt": "nūn",
"sense": "Old Persian: 𐎵𐎢𐎼𐎶 (nu-u-r-m)",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Persian"
],
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "yanū̃́"
},
{
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "önũ"
},
{
"english": "now",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "num"
},
{
"alt": "< *num + -ce",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "nunc"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nu",
"3": "tani",
"4": "ani",
"t": "when",
"t2": "now",
"t3": "later"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉡",
"t": "now, and",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "na-a-nu-un",
"ts": "nānun"
},
"expansion": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"sc": "Hluw",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "awa-"
},
"expansion": "Anatolian Hieroglyphs script: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (awa-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anatolian Hieroglyphs script: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (awa-); [script needed] (unu), [script needed] (unun)}"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plq",
"2": "𒉡",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "niu",
"3": "niule",
"4": "niulen",
"t3": "now"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nū",
"3": "nù",
"t2": "now"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*nъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ну"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ну (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ну (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну-ну́",
"4": "ну́тка",
"5": "ану́тка"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"10": "ну́-ко",
"11": "ну́-кось",
"12": "ну́-тка",
"2": "ну́-ка",
"3": "ну́-кась",
"4": "ну́-кася",
"5": "ну-с",
"6": "ну́те",
"7": "ну́те-ка",
"8": "ну́те-с",
"9": "ну-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"10": "ноле",
"11": "оле",
"2": "ану",
"3": "ануж",
"4": "ноже",
"5": "нуж",
"6": "нуже",
"7": "анужек",
"8": "нолем",
"9": "нолиш"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну́-бо",
"4": "ану́бо",
"5": "ну́мо",
"6": "ну́мте",
"7": "ану́те",
"8": "ну-ну́",
"9": "ану-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱀⱏ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ну",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ну",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ну"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nu",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: no"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Czech: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "nuže"
},
"expansion": "Czech: nuže",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: nuže"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Polish: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ano"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ano"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "nuž"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: nuž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: nuž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "nu",
"3": "no-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: nu, no-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: nu, no-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"3": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νῦν",
"3": "νυν",
"4": "νυ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नु",
"3": "नू",
"t2": "now",
"tr": "nú",
"tr2": "nū́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬏",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "niha",
"tr": "nihā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā), noke (nōka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ھەنووکە",
"t": "now",
"tr": "hanūka"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "nika",
"t": "now",
"tr": "nikā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nūper"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nūper",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nūper"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*nu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nu",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"now"
],
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"well (as an interjection)"
],
"links": [
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "nu"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.