See nu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"english": "now, today",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nū̃n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"english": "now, today, nowadays",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nūnai̇̃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nýnče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "ны́нче"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nónče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́нче"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nóneča",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́неча"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nýnʹka",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"word": "ни́нька"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nýnʹky",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ньки"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nýnika",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ніка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nyně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нꙑнѣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nŭnja",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нънꙗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nŭně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "ⱀⱏⱀⱑ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Old Polish: nynie",
"tags": [
"Polish"
],
"word": "ninie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūnám",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nūnám",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नूनम्"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūrə̄m",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬇𐬨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūrəm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬆𐬨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nūrąm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬄𐬨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"alt": "nūn",
"sense": "Old Persian: 𐎵𐎢𐎼𐎶 (nu-u-r-m)",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Persian"
],
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "yanū̃́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "önũ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nu",
"3": "tani",
"4": "ani",
"t": "when",
"t2": "now",
"t3": "later"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉡",
"t": "now, and",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "na-a-nu-un",
"ts": "nānun"
},
"expansion": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"sc": "Hluw",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "awa-"
},
"expansion": "Anatolian hieroglyphic script: [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (awa-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anatolian hieroglyphic script: [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (awa-); [script needed] (unu), [script needed] (unun)}"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plq",
"2": "𒉡",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "niu",
"3": "niule",
"4": "niulen",
"t3": "now"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nū",
"3": "nù",
"t2": "now"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*nъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ну"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ну (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ну (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну-ну́",
"4": "ну́тка",
"5": "ану́тка"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"10": "ну́-ко",
"11": "ну́-кось",
"12": "ну́-тка",
"2": "ну́-ка",
"3": "ну́-кась",
"4": "ну́-кася",
"5": "ну-с",
"6": "ну́те",
"7": "ну́те-ка",
"8": "ну́те-с",
"9": "ну-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"10": "ноле",
"11": "оле",
"2": "ану",
"3": "ануж",
"4": "ноже",
"5": "нуж",
"6": "нуже",
"7": "анужек",
"8": "нолем",
"9": "нолиш"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну́-бо",
"4": "ану́бо",
"5": "ну́мо",
"6": "ну́мте",
"7": "ану́те",
"8": "ну-ну́",
"9": "ану-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱀⱏ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ну",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ну",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ну"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nu",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: no"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Czech: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "nuže"
},
"expansion": "Czech: nuže",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: nuže"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Polish: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ano"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ano"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "nuž"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: nuž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: nuž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *nu\nOld Irish: nu (archaic adverb), no- (dummy preverb for simple verbs)\nGaulish: nu (attested in the Lezoux plate)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *nu\nOld Irish: nu (archaic adverb), no- (dummy preverb for simple verbs)\nGaulish: nu (attested in the Lezoux plate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"3": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νῦν",
"3": "νυν",
"4": "νυ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नु",
"3": "नू",
"t2": "now",
"tr": "nú",
"tr2": "nū́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬏",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "niha",
"tr": "nihā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā), noke (nōka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ھەنووکە",
"t": "now",
"tr": "hanūka"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "nika",
"t": "now",
"tr": "nikā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nūper"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nūper",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nūper"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*nu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nu",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"now"
],
"id": "en-nu-ine-pro-adv-7V65o34t",
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"roman": "nŷnʹka",
"sense": "Carpathian Rusyn: нынї (nŷnji)",
"word": "нынька"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"sense": "Old Czech: nenie",
"tags": [
"Czech"
],
"word": "nyní"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"english": "now",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "num"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0",
"alt": "< *num + -ce",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "nunc"
}
],
"glosses": [
"well (as an interjection)"
],
"id": "en-nu-ine-pro-adv-34TK3ZfA",
"links": [
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"id": "en-nu-ine-pro-adv-YgERG4Og",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "nu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "now, today",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nū̃n"
},
{
"english": "now, today, nowadays",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nūnái, *nunái",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nūnai̇̃"
},
{
"roman": "nýnče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "ны́нче"
},
{
"roman": "nónče",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́нче"
},
{
"roman": "nóneča",
"sense": "Russian: ны́не (nýne), но́не (nóne)",
"tags": [
"Russian"
],
"word": "но́неча"
},
{
"roman": "nŷnʹka",
"sense": "Carpathian Rusyn: нынї (nŷnji)",
"word": "нынька"
},
{
"roman": "nýnʹka",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"word": "ни́нька"
},
{
"roman": "nýnʹky",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ньки"
},
{
"roman": "nýnika",
"sense": "Ukrainian: ни́ні (nýni); Ukrainian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ни́ніка"
},
{
"roman": "nyně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нꙑнѣ"
},
{
"roman": "nŭnja",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "нънꙗ"
},
{
"roman": "nŭně",
"sense": "Old Church Slavonic; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "ⱀⱏⱀⱑ"
},
{
"sense": "Old Czech: nenie",
"tags": [
"Czech"
],
"word": "nyní"
},
{
"sense": "Old Polish: nynie",
"tags": [
"Polish"
],
"word": "ninie"
},
{
"roman": "nūnám",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nūnám",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नूनम्"
},
{
"roman": "nūrə̄m",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬇𐬨"
},
{
"roman": "nūrəm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬆𐬨"
},
{
"roman": "nūrąm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *nūrám",
"word": "𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬄𐬨"
},
{
"alt": "nūn",
"sense": "Old Persian: 𐎵𐎢𐎼𐎶 (nu-u-r-m)",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Persian"
],
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "yanū̃́"
},
{
"sense": "Southern Nuristani: *yéə-nū̃ə (“today”) (< *i-eká nūná)",
"word": "önũ"
},
{
"english": "now",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "num"
},
{
"alt": "< *num + -ce",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *num",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "nunc"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nu",
"3": "tani",
"4": "ani",
"t": "when",
"t2": "now",
"t3": "later"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nu (“when”), tani (“now”), ani (“later”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉡",
"t": "now, and",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "na-a-nu-un",
"ts": "nānun"
},
"expansion": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cuneiform script: 𒈾𒀀𒉡𒌦 (na-a-nu-un /nānun/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"sc": "Hluw",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "awa-"
},
"expansion": "Anatolian hieroglyphic script: [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (awa-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anatolian hieroglyphic script: [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (awa-); [script needed] (unu), [script needed] (unun)}"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plq",
"2": "𒉡",
"tr": "nu"
},
"expansion": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Palaic: 𒉡 (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "niu",
"3": "niule",
"4": "niulen",
"t3": "now"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: niu, niule, niulen (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nū",
"3": "nù",
"t2": "now"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: nū, nù (“now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*nъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *nъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ну"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ну (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ну (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну-ну́",
"4": "ну́тка",
"5": "ану́тка"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ану́ (anú), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́тка (nútka), ану́тка (anútka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"10": "ну́-ко",
"11": "ну́-кось",
"12": "ну́-тка",
"2": "ну́-ка",
"3": "ну́-кась",
"4": "ну́-кася",
"5": "ну-с",
"6": "ну́те",
"7": "ну́те-ка",
"8": "ну́те-с",
"9": "ну-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну́-ка (nú-ka), ну́-кась (nú-kasʹ), ну́-кася (nú-kasja), ну-с (nu-s), ну́те (núte), ну́те-ка (núte-ka), ну́те-с (núte-s), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ну́-ко (nú-ko), ну́-кось (nú-kosʹ), ну́-тка (nú-tka)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"10": "ноле",
"11": "оле",
"2": "ану",
"3": "ануж",
"4": "ноже",
"5": "нуж",
"6": "нуже",
"7": "анужек",
"8": "нолем",
"9": "нолиш"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: ану (anu), ануж (anuž), ноже (nože), нуж (nuž), нуже (nuže), анужек (anužek), нолем (nolem), нолиш (nolyš), ноле (nole), оле (ole)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ну",
"3": "но"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ну (nu), но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ану́",
"3": "ну́-бо",
"4": "ану́бо",
"5": "ну́мо",
"6": "ну́мте",
"7": "ану́те",
"8": "ну-ну́",
"9": "ану-ну́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ану́ (anú), ну́-бо (nú-bo), ану́бо (anúbo), ну́мо (númo), ну́мте (númte), ану́те (anúte), ну-ну́ (nu-nú), ану-ну́ (anu-nú)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: нъ (n)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "но"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: но (no)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: но (no)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "нъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: нъ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱀⱏ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ⱀⱏ (nŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ну",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ну",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ну"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nu",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: no"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Czech: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "nuže"
},
"expansion": "Czech: nuže",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: nuže"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Polish: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ano"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ano"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "no"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: no",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: no"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "nuž"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: nuž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: nuž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *nu\nOld Irish: nu (archaic adverb), no- (dummy preverb for simple verbs)\nGaulish: nu (attested in the Lezoux plate)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *nu\nOld Irish: nu (archaic adverb), no- (dummy preverb for simple verbs)\nGaulish: nu (attested in the Lezoux plate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *nu (“now”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nu",
"3": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nu, *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νῦν",
"3": "νυν",
"4": "νυ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νῦν (nûn), νυν (nun), νυ (nu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*nú",
"3": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nú, *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नु",
"3": "नू",
"t2": "now",
"tr": "nú",
"tr2": "nū́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: नु (nú), नू (nū́, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*nū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *nū́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬏",
"t": "now"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬏 (nū, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "niha",
"tr": "nihā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: niha (nihā), noke (nōka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "ھەنووکە",
"t": "now",
"tr": "hanūka"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: ھەنووکە (hanūka, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "nika",
"t": "now",
"tr": "nikā"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: nika (nikā, “now”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*nū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *nū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nūper"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nūper",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nūper"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*nu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nu",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"now"
],
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"well (as an interjection)"
],
"links": [
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "nu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nu meaning in Proto-Indo-European (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.