See nem- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nem- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*nemtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nemtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nemtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ņemt",
"t": "take"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: ņemt (“take”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: ņemt (“take”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*nemaną",
"t": "take"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nemaną (“take”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *nemaną (“take”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*némō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *némō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *némō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέμω",
"t": "dispense, distribute"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νέμω (némō, “dispense, distribute”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νέμω (némō, “dispense, distribute”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nom-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nomā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νομή",
"t": "pasture"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νομή (nomḗ, “pasture”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νομή (nomḗ, “pasture”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-es-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*nomezos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nomezos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *nomezos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "numerus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: numerus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: numerus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nem-es-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nemehā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nemehā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nemehā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Νεμέα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Νεμέα (Neméa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Νεμέα (Neméa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nóm-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nómos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nómos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nómos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νόμος",
"t": "custom, law"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nom-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nomós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νομός",
"t": "pasture, habitation, province"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νομός (nomós, “pasture, habitation, province”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νομός (nomós, “pasture, habitation, province”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*námas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*námas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *námas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *námas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नम",
"t": "pasture-ground",
"tr": "náma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: नम (náma, “pasture-ground”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: नम (náma, “pasture-ground”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-tis ~ *nm̥-téys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*numþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *numþiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *numþiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*namā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *namā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *namā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nëmë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nëmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nëmë"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*nemska"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *nemska",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *nemska"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "njeh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: njeh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: njeh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*neman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *neman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *neman (< *nem-mn̥ with degemination}}"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "neim",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: neim (“poison”)\nIrish: nimh\nManx: nieu\nScottish Gaelic: nimh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: neim (“poison”)\nIrish: nimh\nManx: nieu\nScottish Gaelic: nimh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nemetom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *nemetom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *nemetom (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nantos",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *nantos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *nantos (< *nm̥-tos) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Νέμεσις",
"t": "Nemesis, goddess of retribution"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις (Némesis, “Nemesis, goddess of retribution”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις (Némesis, “Nemesis, goddess of retribution”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to *h₁em- (“to take, to distribute”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to distribute"
],
"id": "en-nem--ine-pro-root-jJvQ5DfV",
"links": [
[
"distribute",
"distribute"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to give, to take"
],
"id": "en-nem--ine-pro-root-Euxp4wz6",
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "nem-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*námati",
"t": "to bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námati (“to bow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námati (“to bow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*ném-os ~ *ném-es-os (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From Etymology 1, with semantic shift \"to distribute\" > \"to worship, sacrifice\" > \"to bend\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bend"
],
"id": "en-nem--ine-pro-root-ZsIWzAtu",
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "nem-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European ReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*nemtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nemtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nemtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ņemt",
"t": "take"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: ņemt (“take”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: ņemt (“take”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*nemaną",
"t": "take"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nemaną (“take”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *nemaną (“take”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*némō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *némō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *némō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νέμω",
"t": "dispense, distribute"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νέμω (némō, “dispense, distribute”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νέμω (némō, “dispense, distribute”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nom-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nomā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νομή",
"t": "pasture"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νομή (nomḗ, “pasture”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νομή (nomḗ, “pasture”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-es-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*nomezos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nomezos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *nomezos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "numerus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: numerus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: numerus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nem-es-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nemehā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nemehā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nemehā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Νεμέα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Νεμέα (Neméa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Νεμέα (Neméa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nóm-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nómos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nómos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nómos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νόμος",
"t": "custom, law"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*nom-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*nomós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nomós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νομός",
"t": "pasture, habitation, province"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νομός (nomós, “pasture, habitation, province”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νομός (nomós, “pasture, habitation, province”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*námas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*námas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *námas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *námas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नम",
"t": "pasture-ground",
"tr": "náma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: नम (náma, “pasture-ground”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: नम (náma, “pasture-ground”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-tis ~ *nm̥-téys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*numþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *numþiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *numþiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*namā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *namā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *namā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nëmë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nëmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nëmë"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*nemska"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *nemska",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *nemska"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "njeh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: njeh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: njeh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*neman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *neman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *neman (< *nem-mn̥ with degemination}}"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "neim",
"t": "poison"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: neim (“poison”)\nIrish: nimh\nManx: nieu\nScottish Gaelic: nimh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: neim (“poison”)\nIrish: nimh\nManx: nieu\nScottish Gaelic: nimh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nemetom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *nemetom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *nemetom (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*nantos",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *nantos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *nantos (< *nm̥-tos) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Νέμεσις",
"t": "Nemesis, goddess of retribution"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις (Némesis, “Nemesis, goddess of retribution”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις (Némesis, “Nemesis, goddess of retribution”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to *h₁em- (“to take, to distribute”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to distribute"
],
"links": [
[
"distribute",
"distribute"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to give, to take"
],
"links": [
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "nem-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European ReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ném-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*námati",
"t": "to bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námati (“to bow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námati (“to bow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*ném-os ~ *ném-es-os (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From Etymology 1, with semantic shift \"to distribute\" > \"to worship, sacrifice\" > \"to bend\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bend"
],
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "nem-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.