See melh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for melh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (19.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-dʰh₁- (“to beat, pound, grind”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*méldʰeti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *méldʰeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *méldʰeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*márdʰati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *márdʰati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *márdʰati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*márdʰati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdʰati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdʰati"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मर्धति",
"t": "to abandon, neglect"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मर्धति (mardhati, “to abandon, neglect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मर्धति (mardhati, “to abandon, neglect”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*meldǭ",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldǭ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldǭ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μαλθακός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μαλθακός (malthakós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μαλθακός (malthakós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*meldʰ-n-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *meldʰ-n- (“lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *meldʰ-n- (“lightning”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mildnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mildnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mildnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mъldni",
"der": "1",
"t": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mъldni (“lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mъldni (“lightning”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "milna",
"t": "hammer of the thunderer"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: milna (“hammer of the thunderer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: milna (“hammer of the thunderer”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "mealde",
"t": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: mealde (“lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: mealde (“lightning”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*meldunjaz",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldunjaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldunjaz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᛗᛖᛚᛚᚢᚾᛁᚨᛉ",
"tr": "*melluniaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᛗᛖᛚᛚᚢᚾᛁᚨᛉ (*melluniaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᛗᛖᛚᛚᚢᚾᛁᚨᛉ (*melluniaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Mjǫllnir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: Mjǫllnir",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: Mjǫllnir (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-k-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂-k-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mlāks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mlāks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mlāks"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλάξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλάξ (bláx)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλάξ (bláx)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂-k-os"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*məlakos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *məlakos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *məlakos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μαλακός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μαλακός (malakós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μαλακός (malakós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "malcad",
"t": "rottenness, putrefaction"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: malcad (“rottenness, putrefaction”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: malcad (“rottenness, putrefaction”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-n-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*melana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *melana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *melana"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mëllë",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: mëllë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: mëllë, mullâ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-n-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελαίνω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μελαίνω (melaínō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μελαίνω (melaínō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*mélh₂-n-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *mélh₂-n-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *mélh₂-n-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mélās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mélās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mélās"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλᾱς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μέλᾱς (mélās)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μέλᾱς (mélās) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*meleti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *meleti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *meleti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mélˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei\nLatvian: mal̃t\nLithuanian: málti\nProto-Slavic: *mèlti (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei\nLatvian: mal̃t\nLithuanian: málti\nProto-Slavic: *mèlti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-ti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mélˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*melti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *melti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *melti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*melam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *melam",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *melam (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *ml̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մաղեմ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: մաղեմ (małem)\nArmenian: մաղել (małel)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Armenian: մաղեմ (małem)\nArmenian: մաղել (małel)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*mr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*mr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मृणाति",
"tr": "mṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मृणाति (mṛṇā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मृणाति (mṛṇā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-e-ti (o-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*malaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *malaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *malaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*málas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*málas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मल",
"tr": "mála"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मल (mála)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मल (mála)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*melh₂-tlo- (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "marculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: marculus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: marculus, martulus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-wo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*melwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *melwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *melwa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "miell"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: miell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: miell"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*melwą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *melwą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *melwą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂-téh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*muldō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *muldō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *muldō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mólā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mólā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mólā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μύλη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μύλη (múlē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μύλη (múlē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*molā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *molā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *molā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "mola"
},
"expansion": "Latin: mola",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: mola (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*malmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *malmaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *malmaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-no-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malleus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: malleus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: malleus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-om"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*málam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*málam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मल",
"alt": "मलम्",
"tr": "málam"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मलम् (málam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मलम् (málam)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*moltъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *moltъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *moltъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂- (zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mulˀ-kis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mulˀ-kis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mulˀ-kis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "muļķis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: muļķis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: muļķis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "mùlkis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: mùlkis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: mùlkis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*melana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *melana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *melana"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mëllë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mëllë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mullâ"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mullâ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mëllë, Albanian: mullâ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "malla-ⁱ"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (malla-ⁱ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (malla-ⁱ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "mal(ḫ)u-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (mal(ḫ)u-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (mal(ḫ)u-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մալեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մալեմ (malem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մալեմ (malem), *մուլ- (*mul-), մամուլ (mamul), մղեղ (młeł)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "մլակ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: մլակ (mlak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: մլակ (mlak), մլուկ (mluk), մլիկ (mlik), մղմող (mġmoġ), մղմեղ (mġmeġ), մուղ (muġ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mělъ",
"t": "finely ground substance, chalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *mělъ (“finely ground substance, chalk”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *mělъ (“finely ground substance, chalk”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*malina",
"t": "raspberry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *malina (“raspberry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *malina (“raspberry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "málnos",
"t": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: málnos (“millet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: málnos (“millet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mildijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *mildijaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *mildijaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελίνη",
"t": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μελίνη (melínē, “millet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μελίνη (melínē, “millet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*meljom",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *meljom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *meljom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "milium",
"t": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Latin: milium (“millet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: milium (“millet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "mӓl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: mӓl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: mӓl-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/melh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ReRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grind, to crush"
],
"id": "en-melh₂--ine-pro-root-g1ouG6aW",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "melh₂-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-dʰh₁- (“to beat, pound, grind”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*méldʰeti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *méldʰeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *méldʰeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*márdʰati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *márdʰati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *márdʰati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*márdʰati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdʰati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdʰati"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मर्धति",
"t": "to abandon, neglect"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मर्धति (mardhati, “to abandon, neglect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मर्धति (mardhati, “to abandon, neglect”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*meldǭ",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldǭ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldǭ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μαλθακός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μαλθακός (malthakós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μαλθακός (malthakós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*meldʰ-n-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *meldʰ-n- (“lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *meldʰ-n- (“lightning”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mildnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mildnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mildnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mъldni",
"der": "1",
"t": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mъldni (“lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mъldni (“lightning”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "milna",
"t": "hammer of the thunderer"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: milna (“hammer of the thunderer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: milna (“hammer of the thunderer”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "mealde",
"t": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: mealde (“lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: mealde (“lightning”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*meldunjaz",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldunjaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *meldunjaz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᛗᛖᛚᛚᚢᚾᛁᚨᛉ",
"tr": "*melluniaʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᛗᛖᛚᛚᚢᚾᛁᚨᛉ (*melluniaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᛗᛖᛚᛚᚢᚾᛁᚨᛉ (*melluniaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Mjǫllnir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: Mjǫllnir",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: Mjǫllnir (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-k-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂-k-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mlāks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mlāks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mlāks"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλάξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλάξ (bláx)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλάξ (bláx)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂-k-os"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*məlakos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *məlakos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *məlakos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μαλακός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μαλακός (malakós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μαλακός (malakós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "malcad",
"t": "rottenness, putrefaction"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: malcad (“rottenness, putrefaction”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: malcad (“rottenness, putrefaction”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-n-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*melana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *melana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *melana"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mëllë",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: mëllë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: mëllë, mullâ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-n-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελαίνω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μελαίνω (melaínō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μελαίνω (melaínō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*mélh₂-n-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *mélh₂-n-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *mélh₂-n-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mélās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mélās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mélās"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλᾱς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μέλᾱς (mélās)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μέλᾱς (mélās) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*meleti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *meleti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *meleti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mélˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei\nLatvian: mal̃t\nLithuanian: málti\nProto-Slavic: *mèlti (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei\nLatvian: mal̃t\nLithuanian: málti\nProto-Slavic: *mèlti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-ti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mélˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mélˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*melti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *melti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *melti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*melam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *melam",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *melam (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *ml̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մաղեմ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: մաղեմ (małem)\nArmenian: մաղել (małel)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Armenian: մաղեմ (małem)\nArmenian: մաղել (małel)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*mr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*mr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मृणाति",
"tr": "mṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मृणाति (mṛṇā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मृणाति (mṛṇā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-e-ti (o-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*malaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *malaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *malaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*málas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*málas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मल",
"tr": "mála"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मल (mála)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मल (mála)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*melh₂-tlo- (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "marculus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: marculus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: marculus, martulus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-wo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*melwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *melwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *melwa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "miell"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: miell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: miell"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*melwą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *melwą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *melwą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂-téh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*muldō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *muldō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *muldō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mólā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mólā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mólā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μύλη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μύλη (múlē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μύλη (múlē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*molā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *molā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *molā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "mola"
},
"expansion": "Latin: mola",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: mola (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*malmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *malmaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *malmaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*melh₂-no-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malleus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: malleus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: malleus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*mélh₂-om"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*málam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *málam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*málam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *málam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मल",
"alt": "मलम्",
"tr": "málam"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मलम् (málam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मलम् (málam)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*molh₂-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*moltъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *moltъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *moltъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ml̥h₂- (zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mulˀ-kis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mulˀ-kis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mulˀ-kis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "muļķis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: muļķis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: muļķis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "mùlkis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: mùlkis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: mùlkis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*melana"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *melana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *melana"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mëllë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mëllë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mullâ"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mullâ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mëllë, Albanian: mullâ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "malla-ⁱ"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (malla-ⁱ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (malla-ⁱ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "mal(ḫ)u-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (mal(ḫ)u-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (mal(ḫ)u-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մալեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մալեմ (malem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մալեմ (malem), *մուլ- (*mul-), մամուլ (mamul), մղեղ (młeł)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "մլակ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: մլակ (mlak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: մլակ (mlak), մլուկ (mluk), մլիկ (mlik), մղմող (mġmoġ), մղմեղ (mġmeġ), մուղ (muġ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mělъ",
"t": "finely ground substance, chalk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *mělъ (“finely ground substance, chalk”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *mělъ (“finely ground substance, chalk”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*malina",
"t": "raspberry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *malina (“raspberry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *malina (“raspberry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "málnos",
"t": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: málnos (“millet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: málnos (“millet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mildijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *mildijaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *mildijaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μελίνη",
"t": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: μελίνη (melínē, “millet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: μελίνη (melínē, “millet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*meljom",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *meljom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *meljom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "milium",
"t": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Latin: milium (“millet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: milium (“millet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "mӓl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: mӓl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: mӓl-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/melh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European ReRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to grind, to crush"
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "melh₂-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.