See kewh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kowh₂-e-ti (o-grade iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*káuˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *káuˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *káuˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaût"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaût",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaût"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káuti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: káuti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: káuti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kuti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kuti, *kovati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hawwaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hawwaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kéwdʰh₁-e-ti (dʰh₁e-present) or *keh₂u-d-, *kuh₂-d-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kūdō",
"t": "beat, knock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kūdō (“beat, knock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kūdō (“beat, knock”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kot-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: kot-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: kot-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kaut-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kaut-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kaut-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kuodas",
"t": "tuft",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: kuodas (“tuft”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: kuodas (“tuft”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaudā",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cauda",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cauda (“tail”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cauda (“tail”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaudeks",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudeks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudeks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caudex",
"3": "cōdex",
"t": "tree trunk, stump; post"
},
"expansion": "Latin: caudex (“tree trunk, stump; post”), cōdex",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: caudex (“tree trunk, stump; post”), cōdex (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "kuh₂-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kū́ˀjas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kū́ˀjas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kū́ˀjas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kū́jis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kū́jis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kū́jis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kyjь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kyjь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kyjь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Metathetic variant *keh₂w-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*kāu-",
"t": "kill, strike down, chop"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *kāu- (“kill, strike down, chop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *kāu- (“kill, strike down, chop”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ko-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ko-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ko-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kau-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kau-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kau-"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kawš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kawš-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kawš-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kawš-",
"t": "to fight, struggle; to kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kawš- (“to fight, struggle; to kill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kawš- (“to fight, struggle; to kill”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کُشتَن",
"t": "to kill, put out, switch off, suppress",
"tr": "koštan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کُشتَن (koštan, “to kill, put out, switch off, suppress”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کُشتَن (koštan, “to kill, put out, switch off, suppress”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کوشیدن",
"t": "to try, strive, endeavor",
"tr": "kušidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کوشیدن (kušidan, “to try, strive, endeavor”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کوشیدن (kušidan, “to try, strive, endeavor”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kaatadak",
"bor": "1",
"t": "to overturn; to spill, pour out",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kaatadak (“to overturn; to spill, pour out”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kaatadak (“to overturn; to spill, pour out”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hit, to strike"
],
"id": "en-kewh₂--ine-pro-root-3dN-HaeR",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰew-"
},
{
"word": "*dʰen-"
},
{
"word": "*kelh₂-"
},
{
"word": "*kret-"
},
{
"word": "*meldʰ-"
},
{
"word": "*pleh₂k-"
},
{
"word": "*(s)kep-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to forge"
],
"id": "en-kewh₂--ine-pro-root-4zDxaWpy",
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "keh₂w-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kewh₂-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kowh₂-e-ti (o-grade iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*káuˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *káuˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *káuˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaût"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaût",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaût"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "káuti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: káuti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: káuti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kuti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kuti, *kovati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hawwaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hawwaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kéwdʰh₁-e-ti (dʰh₁e-present) or *keh₂u-d-, *kuh₂-d-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kūdō",
"t": "beat, knock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kūdō (“beat, knock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kūdō (“beat, knock”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kot-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: kot-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: kot-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kaut-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kaut-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kaut-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kuodas",
"t": "tuft",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: kuodas (“tuft”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: kuodas (“tuft”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaudā",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cauda",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cauda (“tail”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cauda (“tail”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaudeks",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudeks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudeks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caudex",
"3": "cōdex",
"t": "tree trunk, stump; post"
},
"expansion": "Latin: caudex (“tree trunk, stump; post”), cōdex",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: caudex (“tree trunk, stump; post”), cōdex (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "kuh₂-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kū́ˀjas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kū́ˀjas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kū́ˀjas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kū́jis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kū́jis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kū́jis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kyjь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kyjь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kyjь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Metathetic variant *keh₂w-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*kāu-",
"t": "kill, strike down, chop"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *kāu- (“kill, strike down, chop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *kāu- (“kill, strike down, chop”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ko-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ko-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ko-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kau-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kau-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kau-"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kawš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kawš-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kawš-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kawš-",
"t": "to fight, struggle; to kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kawš- (“to fight, struggle; to kill”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kawš- (“to fight, struggle; to kill”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کُشتَن",
"t": "to kill, put out, switch off, suppress",
"tr": "koštan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کُشتَن (koštan, “to kill, put out, switch off, suppress”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کُشتَن (koštan, “to kill, put out, switch off, suppress”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کوشیدن",
"t": "to try, strive, endeavor",
"tr": "kušidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کوشیدن (kušidan, “to try, strive, endeavor”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کوشیدن (kušidan, “to try, strive, endeavor”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kaatadak",
"bor": "1",
"t": "to overturn; to spill, pour out",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kaatadak (“to overturn; to spill, pour out”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kaatadak (“to overturn; to spill, pour out”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hit, to strike"
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰew-"
},
{
"word": "*dʰen-"
},
{
"word": "*kelh₂-"
},
{
"word": "*kret-"
},
{
"word": "*meldʰ-"
},
{
"word": "*pleh₂k-"
},
{
"word": "*(s)kep-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to forge"
],
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "keh₂w-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kewh₂-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kewh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.