See ken- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ken- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (16.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-e-ti"
},
"expansion": "*ken-e-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kentei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čęti",
"t": "to begin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čęti (“to begin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čęti (“to begin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*načęti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "to begin"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *načęti (“to begin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *načęti (“to begin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*keneti",
"t": "to descend from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *keneti (“to descend from”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *keneti (“to descend from”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bachgen",
"der": "1",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Welsh: bachgen (“boy”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Welsh: bachgen (“boy”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-cnos",
"der": "1",
"t": "born of"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: -cnos (“born of”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gaulish: -cnos (“born of”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cinid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cinid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cinid"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ken-tu-"
},
"expansion": "*ken-tu-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-tu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kentus",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kentus (“first”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kentus (“first”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kentusamonyos",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "May"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *kentusamonyos (“May”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *kentusamonyos (“May”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kn̥-i-"
},
"expansion": "*kn̥-i-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kn̥-i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kanis",
"t": "good, nice",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kanis (“good, nice”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kanis (“good, nice”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ken-iHnos"
},
"expansion": "*ken-iHnos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-iHnos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kaníHnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaníHnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaníHnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kaníHnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कनीन",
"t": "young",
"tr": "kanī́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कनीन (kanī́na, “young”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कनीन (kanī́na, “young”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kaníHnaH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnaH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnaH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥",
"t": "young maid; maiden"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥 (kaⁱnin, “young maid; maiden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥 (kaⁱnin, “young maid; maiden”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-yeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*ken-yeh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-yeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*kenjā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *kenjā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*kēnjā",
"3": "",
"4": "new skin"
},
"expansion": "*kēnjā (“new skin”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *kenjā, *kēnjā (“new skin”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qejzë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: qejzë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qyrë"
},
"expansion": "qyrë",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qytë"
},
"expansion": "qytë",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: qejzë, qyrë, qytë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kanyáH",
"t": "girl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanyáH (“girl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kon-yeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*kon-yeh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from o-grade <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kon-yeh₂</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from o-grade *kon-yeh₂)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanyáH (“girl”) (or from o-grade *kon-yeh₂) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kn̥-yos"
},
"expansion": "*kn̥-yos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kn̥-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kəňňós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəňňós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəňňós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καινός",
"t": "new"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καινός (kainós, “new”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καινός (kainós, “new”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kon-os"
},
"expansion": "*kon-os",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kon-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διάκονος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: διάκονος (diákonos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: διάκονος (diákonos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kanas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kanas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kanas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*konъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *konъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *konъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*(s)ken-",
"pos": "with s-mobile"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ken- (with s-mobile)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*(s)ken- (with s-mobile)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սկունդ",
"t": "dog, puppy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱwṓ",
"3": "*ḱwon-t-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱwon-t-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *ḱwon-t-"
},
"expansion": "(or from *ḱwon-t-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”) (or from *ḱwon-t-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*sken-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sken-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sken-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ščenę",
"t": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ščenę (“young animal”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ščenę (“young animal”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kanawū",
"der": "1",
"t": "young animal; young dog, whelp"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kanawū (“young animal; young dog, whelp”)\nBrythonic: *kėnėw\nOld Breton: ceneuan, compare Rikeneu (PN)\nMiddle Breton: kenou\nBreton: kenow\nMiddle Welsh: ceneu\nWelsh: cenau, cenaw\nOld Irish: cana\nScottish Gaelic: cana",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kanawū (“young animal; young dog, whelp”)\nBrythonic: *kėnėw\nOld Breton: ceneuan, compare Rikeneu (PN)\nMiddle Breton: kenou\nBreton: kenow\nMiddle Welsh: ceneu\nWelsh: cenau, cenaw\nOld Irish: cana\nScottish Gaelic: cana"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "",
"tr": "skən"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: [script needed] (skən)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "puppy",
"tr": "skön"
},
"expansion": "[script needed] (skön, “puppy”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: [script needed] (skən), [script needed] (skön, “puppy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kenetlom",
"t": "race, kind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kenetlom (“race, kind”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kenetlom (“race, kind”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ginnaną",
"t": "to begin",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *ginnaną (“to begin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *ginnaną (“to begin”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐγκονέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἐγκονέω (enkonéō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἐγκονέω (enkonéō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cōnor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cōnor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cōnor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-d-"
},
"expansion": "*ken-d-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-d-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ken-di-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ken-di-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ken-di-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kendis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čędь",
"t": "children; people; servants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čędь (“children; people; servants”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čędь (“children; people; servants”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "чѧдь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: чѧдь (čędĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: чѧдь (čędĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "чадь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: чадь (čadĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: чадь (čadĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čed",
"t": "servants; family"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: čed (“servants; family”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: čed (“servants; family”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ken-do-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ken-do-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ken-do-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kendas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čędъ",
"t": "child"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čędъ (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čędъ (“child”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-t-"
},
"expansion": "*ken-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ként-e-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ként-e-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ként-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kentstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentstei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kenstei"
},
"expansion": "*kenstei",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentstei > *kenstei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "censt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: censt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: censt"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "censties",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ censties",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ censties"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "cenšos",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ cenšos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "centos"
},
"expansion": "centos",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "censos"
},
"expansion": "censos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "⇒ cenšos, centos, censos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ként-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *ként-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *ként-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kents"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kents",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kents"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wrekents",
"alt": "*wre-kents",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *wre-kents",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wre-"
},
"expansion": "*wre-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefixed with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"itc-pro\">*wre-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(prefixed with *wre-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *wre-kents (prefixed with *wre-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "recēns",
"t": "new"
},
"expansion": "Latin: recēns (“new”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: recēns (“new”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ken-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to arise, begin"
],
"id": "en-ken--ine-pro-root-mTGnekjM",
"links": [
[
"arise",
"arise"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "ken-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-e-ti"
},
"expansion": "*ken-e-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kentei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čęti",
"t": "to begin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čęti (“to begin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čęti (“to begin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*načęti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "to begin"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *načęti (“to begin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *načęti (“to begin”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*keneti",
"t": "to descend from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *keneti (“to descend from”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *keneti (“to descend from”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bachgen",
"der": "1",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Welsh: bachgen (“boy”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Welsh: bachgen (“boy”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "-cnos",
"der": "1",
"t": "born of"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: -cnos (“born of”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gaulish: -cnos (“born of”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cinid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cinid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cinid"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ken-tu-"
},
"expansion": "*ken-tu-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-tu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kentus",
"t": "first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kentus (“first”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kentus (“first”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kentusamonyos",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "May"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *kentusamonyos (“May”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *kentusamonyos (“May”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kn̥-i-"
},
"expansion": "*kn̥-i-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kn̥-i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kanis",
"t": "good, nice",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kanis (“good, nice”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *kanis (“good, nice”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ken-iHnos"
},
"expansion": "*ken-iHnos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-iHnos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kaníHnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaníHnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaníHnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kaníHnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कनीन",
"t": "young",
"tr": "kanī́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कनीन (kanī́na, “young”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कनीन (kanī́na, “young”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kaníHnaH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnaH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnaH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥",
"t": "young maid; maiden"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥 (kaⁱnin, “young maid; maiden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥 (kaⁱnin, “young maid; maiden”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-yeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*ken-yeh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-yeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*kenjā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *kenjā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*kēnjā",
"3": "",
"4": "new skin"
},
"expansion": "*kēnjā (“new skin”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *kenjā, *kēnjā (“new skin”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qejzë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: qejzë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qyrë"
},
"expansion": "qyrë",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "qytë"
},
"expansion": "qytë",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: qejzë, qyrë, qytë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kanyáH",
"t": "girl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanyáH (“girl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kon-yeh₂"
},
"expansion": "*kon-yeh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from o-grade <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kon-yeh₂</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from o-grade *kon-yeh₂)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanyáH (“girl”) (or from o-grade *kon-yeh₂) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kn̥-yos"
},
"expansion": "*kn̥-yos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kn̥-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kəňňós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəňňós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəňňós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καινός",
"t": "new"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καινός (kainós, “new”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καινός (kainós, “new”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kon-os"
},
"expansion": "*kon-os",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kon-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διάκονος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: διάκονος (diákonos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: διάκονος (diákonos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kanas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kanas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kanas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*konъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *konъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *konъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*(s)ken-",
"pos": "with s-mobile"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ken- (with s-mobile)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*(s)ken- (with s-mobile)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սկունդ",
"t": "dog, puppy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱwṓ",
"3": "*ḱwon-t-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱwon-t-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from *ḱwon-t-"
},
"expansion": "(or from *ḱwon-t-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”) (or from *ḱwon-t-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*sken-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sken-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sken-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ščenę",
"t": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ščenę (“young animal”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ščenę (“young animal”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kanawū",
"der": "1",
"t": "young animal; young dog, whelp"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kanawū (“young animal; young dog, whelp”)\nBrythonic: *kėnėw\nOld Breton: ceneuan, compare Rikeneu (PN)\nMiddle Breton: kenou\nBreton: kenow\nMiddle Welsh: ceneu\nWelsh: cenau, cenaw\nOld Irish: cana\nScottish Gaelic: cana",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kanawū (“young animal; young dog, whelp”)\nBrythonic: *kėnėw\nOld Breton: ceneuan, compare Rikeneu (PN)\nMiddle Breton: kenou\nBreton: kenow\nMiddle Welsh: ceneu\nWelsh: cenau, cenaw\nOld Irish: cana\nScottish Gaelic: cana"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "",
"tr": "skən"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: [script needed] (skən)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "puppy",
"tr": "skön"
},
"expansion": "[script needed] (skön, “puppy”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: [script needed] (skən), [script needed] (skön, “puppy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kenetlom",
"t": "race, kind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kenetlom (“race, kind”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kenetlom (“race, kind”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ginnaną",
"t": "to begin",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *ginnaną (“to begin”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *ginnaną (“to begin”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐγκονέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἐγκονέω (enkonéō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἐγκονέω (enkonéō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cōnor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cōnor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cōnor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-d-"
},
"expansion": "*ken-d-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-d-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ken-di-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ken-di-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ken-di-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kendis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čędь",
"t": "children; people; servants"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čędь (“children; people; servants”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čędь (“children; people; servants”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "чѧдь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: чѧдь (čędĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: чѧдь (čędĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "чадь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: чадь (čadĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: чадь (čadĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čed",
"t": "servants; family"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: čed (“servants; family”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: čed (“servants; family”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ken-do-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ken-do-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ken-do-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kendas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čędъ",
"t": "child"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čędъ (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čędъ (“child”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ken-t-"
},
"expansion": "*ken-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ken-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ként-e-ti",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ként-e-ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ként-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kentstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentstei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kenstei"
},
"expansion": "*kenstei",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentstei > *kenstei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "censt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: censt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: censt"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "censties",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ censties",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ censties"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "cenšos",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ cenšos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "centos"
},
"expansion": "centos",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "censos"
},
"expansion": "censos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "⇒ cenšos, centos, censos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ként-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *ként-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *ként-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kents"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kents",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kents"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wrekents",
"alt": "*wre-kents",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *wre-kents",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wre-"
},
"expansion": "*wre-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefixed with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"itc-pro\">*wre-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(prefixed with *wre-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *wre-kents (prefixed with *wre-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "recēns",
"t": "new"
},
"expansion": "Latin: recēns (“new”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: recēns (“new”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ken-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to arise, begin"
],
"links": [
[
"arise",
"arise"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "ken-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.