See kelh₁- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kelh₁-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *helą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *helą"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjal",
"t": "babbling, chit-chat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hjal (“babbling, chit-chat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hjal (“babbling, chit-chat”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hjala",
"der": "1",
"t": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Icelandic: hjala (“to babble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Icelandic: hjala (“to babble”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kléh₁-nd-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*krándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krándati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*krándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krándati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रन्दति",
"tr": "krándati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: क्रन्दति (krándati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: क्रन्दति (krándati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*klándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *klándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *klándati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*klándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *klándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *klándati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्लन्दति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: क्लन्दति (klandati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: क्लन्दति (klandati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-éh₁yeti?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kəlḗyō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəlḗyō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəlḗyō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καλέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καλέω (kaléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καλέω (kaléō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kalēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kalēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kalēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "kalendae"
},
"expansion": "Latin: kalendae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: kalendae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-eh₂yeti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *halōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *halōną, *hulōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kalāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kalāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kalāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: calō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: calō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kel-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keliom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keliom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keliom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "concilium",
"alt": "(con)cilium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: (con)cilium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: (con)cilium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-dō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κληδών"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κληδών (klēdṓn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κληδών (klēdṓn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-d-ti-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klāssis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klāssis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klāssis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "classis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: classis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: classis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-kl̥h₁-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "աքաղաղ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał), ագաղաղ (agałał), այգաղաղ (aygałał), աքալալ (akʻalal)\n→ Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał)\n⇒ Armenian: աքլոր (akʻlor)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał), ագաղաղ (agałał), այգաղաղ (aygałał), աքալալ (akʻalal)\n→ Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał)\n⇒ Armenian: աքլոր (akʻlor)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-rós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klāros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klāros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klāros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clārus",
"t": "loud, clear"
},
"expansion": "Latin: clārus (“loud, clear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: clārus (“loud, clear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "(?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-meh₂ (?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klāmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klāmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klāmā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clāmō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: clāmō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: clāmō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clāmōsus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: clāmōsus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: clāmōsus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kloh₁-ye-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hlōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hlōaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hlōaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with s mobile"
},
"expansion": "(with s mobile)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*(s)kel- (with s mobile)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "skaļš",
"t": "loud, noisy"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: skaļš (“loud, noisy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: skaļš (“loud, noisy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skãlyti",
"t": "to bark, roar, yell, whine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skãlyti (“to bark, roar, yell, whine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skãlyti (“to bark, roar, yell, whine”), skalùs (“loud, (of a dog) often barking”), skalìkas (“hound”), kalė̃ (“bitch”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "скули́ть",
"t": "to whine"
},
"expansion": "Russian: скули́ть (skulítʹ, “to whine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: скули́ть (skulítʹ, “to whine”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skellaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skellaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skellaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skellan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skellan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skellan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "schälle"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: schälle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: schälle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schellen",
"t": "to sound"
},
"expansion": "German: schellen (“to sound”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schellen (“to sound”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skjalla",
"t": "to clash, clatter"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skjalla (“to clash, clatter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skjalla (“to clash, clatter”) ⇒ skjallr (“loud”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skella",
"t": "to crash, bang"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skella (“to crash, bang”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skella (“to crash, bang”), skjalla (“to flatter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skaljaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skaljaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "(causative)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skaljaną (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "scillen"
},
"expansion": "Old English: scillen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: scillen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skellen",
"t": "to make sound"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skellen (“to make sound”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skellen (“to make sound”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skella"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skella",
"t": "to slamp, slap"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skella (“to slamp, slap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skella (“to slamp, slap”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skjelle",
"t": "to scold"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skjelle (“to scold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skjelle (“to scold”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: scal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: scal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schal"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schal"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schall",
"t": "sound, clang"
},
"expansion": "German: Schall (“sound, clang”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Schall (“sound, clang”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schal",
"t": "a resonating sound or noise"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schal (“a resonating sound or noise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schal (“a resonating sound or noise”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skall",
"t": "bark (of a dog or wolf)"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skall (“bark (of a dog or wolf)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skall (“bark (of a dog or wolf)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skellō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skellō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skellō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skella"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schelle"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelle",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "German: Schelle (“bell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Schelle (“bell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scelle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kel-dʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skeldaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skeldaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skeldaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schelten",
"t": "to scold"
},
"expansion": "German: schelten (“to scold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schelten (“to scold”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skalda-",
"t": "skald, poet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skalda- (“skald, poet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skalda- (“skald, poet”) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skald"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skald"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skáld"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skáld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skáld"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scold",
"bor": "1",
"t": "person of ribald speech, clamourous woman"
},
"expansion": "→ English: scold (“person of ribald speech, clamourous woman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: scold (“person of ribald speech, clamourous woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kol-, *(s)kulu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցուլ",
"t": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ցուլ",
"t": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύλαξ",
"t": "puppy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύλαξ (skúlax, “puppy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύλαξ (skúlax, “puppy”), also in the forms κύλλα (kúlla) and σκύλος (skúlos, “puppy, dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύλιον",
"t": "type of shark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύλιον (skúlion, “type of shark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύλιον (skúlion, “type of shark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύλλα",
"t": "type of fish"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύλλα (skúlla, “type of fish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύλλα (skúlla, “type of fish”), Σκύλλα (Skúlla, “the Bitch (?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκυλλίς",
"t": "vine branch"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκυλλίς (skullís, “vine branch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκυλλίς (skullís, “vine branch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύμνος",
"t": "lion cub"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύμνος (skúmnos, “lion cub”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "(?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύμνος (skúmnos, “lion cub”) (?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "to clang, clash",
"tr": "kalgalinai-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kalgalinai-, “to clang, clash”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kalgalinai-, “to clang, clash”), [script needed] (kalleš-, kalliš-, “to evoke, summon”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaļot",
"alt": "kaļôt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaļôt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaļôt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kalba"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kalba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kalba"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kolkolъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kolkolъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kolkolъ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ко́локол",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ко́локол (kólokol, “bell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ко́локол (kólokol, “bell”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kalyākos",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kalyākos (“rooster”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kalyākos (“rooster”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halliz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *halliz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *halliz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helder",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Dutch: helder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Dutch: helder"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helder"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hell"
},
"expansion": "German: hell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: hell"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hellaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hellaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hellaną (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, cry, summon"
],
"id": "en-kelh₁--ine-pro-root-Cs8z01Q1",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kelh₁-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kelh₁-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *helą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *helą"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hjal",
"t": "babbling, chit-chat"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hjal (“babbling, chit-chat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hjal (“babbling, chit-chat”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hjala",
"der": "1",
"t": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Icelandic: hjala (“to babble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Icelandic: hjala (“to babble”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kléh₁-nd-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*krándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *krándati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*krándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krándati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रन्दति",
"tr": "krándati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: क्रन्दति (krándati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: क्रन्दति (krándati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*klándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *klándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *klándati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*klándati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *klándati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *klándati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्लन्दति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: क्लन्दति (klandati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: क्लन्दति (klandati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-éh₁yeti?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kəlḗyō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəlḗyō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kəlḗyō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καλέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καλέω (kaléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καλέω (kaléō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kalēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kalēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kalēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "kalendae"
},
"expansion": "Latin: kalendae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: kalendae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-eh₂yeti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *halōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *halōną, *hulōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kalāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kalāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kalāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: calō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: calō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kel-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keliom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keliom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keliom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "concilium",
"alt": "(con)cilium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: (con)cilium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: (con)cilium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-dō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κληδών"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κληδών (klēdṓn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κληδών (klēdṓn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-d-ti-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klāssis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klāssis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klāssis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "classis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: classis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: classis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-kl̥h₁-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "աքաղաղ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał), ագաղաղ (agałał), այգաղաղ (aygałał), աքալալ (akʻalal)\n→ Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał)\n⇒ Armenian: աքլոր (akʻlor)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał), ագաղաղ (agałał), այգաղաղ (aygałał), աքալալ (akʻalal)\n→ Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał)\n⇒ Armenian: աքլոր (akʻlor)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-rós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klāros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klāros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klāros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clārus",
"t": "loud, clear"
},
"expansion": "Latin: clārus (“loud, clear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: clārus (“loud, clear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "(?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*kl̥h₁-meh₂ (?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klāmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klāmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klāmā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clāmō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: clāmō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: clāmō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clāmōsus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: clāmōsus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: clāmōsus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kloh₁-ye-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hlōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hlōaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hlōaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with s mobile"
},
"expansion": "(with s mobile)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*(s)kel- (with s mobile)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "skaļš",
"t": "loud, noisy"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: skaļš (“loud, noisy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: skaļš (“loud, noisy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skãlyti",
"t": "to bark, roar, yell, whine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: skãlyti (“to bark, roar, yell, whine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: skãlyti (“to bark, roar, yell, whine”), skalùs (“loud, (of a dog) often barking”), skalìkas (“hound”), kalė̃ (“bitch”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "скули́ть",
"t": "to whine"
},
"expansion": "Russian: скули́ть (skulítʹ, “to whine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: скули́ть (skulítʹ, “to whine”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skellaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skellaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skellaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skellan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skellan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skellan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "schälle"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: schälle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: schälle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schellen",
"t": "to sound"
},
"expansion": "German: schellen (“to sound”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schellen (“to sound”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skjalla",
"t": "to clash, clatter"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skjalla (“to clash, clatter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skjalla (“to clash, clatter”) ⇒ skjallr (“loud”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skella",
"t": "to crash, bang"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skella (“to crash, bang”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skella (“to crash, bang”), skjalla (“to flatter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skaljaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skaljaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "(causative)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skaljaną (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "scillen"
},
"expansion": "Old English: scillen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: scillen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skellen",
"t": "to make sound"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skellen (“to make sound”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skellen (“to make sound”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schellen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skella"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skella",
"t": "to slamp, slap"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skella (“to slamp, slap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skella (“to slamp, slap”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skjelle",
"t": "to scold"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skjelle (“to scold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skjelle (“to scold”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: scal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: scal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schal"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schal"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schall",
"t": "sound, clang"
},
"expansion": "German: Schall (“sound, clang”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Schall (“sound, clang”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scal"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schal",
"t": "a resonating sound or noise"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schal (“a resonating sound or noise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schal (“a resonating sound or noise”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skall",
"t": "bark (of a dog or wolf)"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skall (“bark (of a dog or wolf)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skall (“bark (of a dog or wolf)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skellō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skellō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skellō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skella"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schelle"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schelle",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "German: Schelle (“bell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Schelle (“bell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scelle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kel-dʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skeldaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skeldaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skeldaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schelten",
"t": "to scold"
},
"expansion": "German: schelten (“to scold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schelten (“to scold”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skalda-",
"t": "skald, poet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skalda- (“skald, poet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skalda- (“skald, poet”) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skald"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: skald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: skald"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skáld"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skáld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skáld"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scold",
"bor": "1",
"t": "person of ribald speech, clamourous woman"
},
"expansion": "→ English: scold (“person of ribald speech, clamourous woman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: scold (“person of ribald speech, clamourous woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kol-, *(s)kulu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցուլ",
"t": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ցուլ",
"t": "bull"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: ցուլ (cʻul, “bull”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύλαξ",
"t": "puppy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύλαξ (skúlax, “puppy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύλαξ (skúlax, “puppy”), also in the forms κύλλα (kúlla) and σκύλος (skúlos, “puppy, dog”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύλιον",
"t": "type of shark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύλιον (skúlion, “type of shark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύλιον (skúlion, “type of shark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύλλα",
"t": "type of fish"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύλλα (skúlla, “type of fish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύλλα (skúlla, “type of fish”), Σκύλλα (Skúlla, “the Bitch (?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκυλλίς",
"t": "vine branch"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκυλλίς (skullís, “vine branch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκυλλίς (skullís, “vine branch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκύμνος",
"t": "lion cub"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκύμνος (skúmnos, “lion cub”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "(?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκύμνος (skúmnos, “lion cub”) (?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "to clang, clash",
"tr": "kalgalinai-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kalgalinai-, “to clang, clash”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kalgalinai-, “to clang, clash”), [script needed] (kalleš-, kalliš-, “to evoke, summon”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaļot",
"alt": "kaļôt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaļôt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaļôt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kalba"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kalba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kalba"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kolkolъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kolkolъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kolkolъ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ко́локол",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ко́локол (kólokol, “bell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ко́локол (kólokol, “bell”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kalyākos",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kalyākos (“rooster”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kalyākos (“rooster”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halliz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *halliz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *halliz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: hel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helder",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Dutch: helder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Dutch: helder"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "helder"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: helder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: helder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hell"
},
"expansion": "German: hell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: hell"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hellaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hellaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hellaną (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to call, cry, summon"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kelh₁-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kelh₁- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (19.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.