See kel- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलयति",
"t": "to drive, impel"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कलयति (kalayati, “to drive, impel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कलयति (kalayati, “to drive, impel”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kelti",
"t": "to drive animals"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kelti (“to drive animals”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kelti (“to drive animals”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haldaną",
"t": "to hold, keep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, keep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, keep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hallita",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: hallita",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: hallita"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "haldama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: haldama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: haldama"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kelomai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kelomai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kelomai < *kel-etor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέλομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέλομαι (kélomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέλομαι (kélomai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*keľľō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *keľľō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *keľľō < *kel-yeti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέλλω (kéllō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέλλω (kéllō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "celer",
"t": "swift, fast"
},
"expansion": "Latin: celer (“swift, fast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: celer (“swift, fast”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "käl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: käl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: käl-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive, particularly of animals"
],
"id": "en-kel--ine-pro-root-eGiAW0XH",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"animals",
"animal"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलयति",
"t": "to drive, impel"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कलयति (kalayati, “to drive, impel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कलयति (kalayati, “to drive, impel”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kelti",
"t": "to drive animals"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kelti (“to drive animals”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kelti (“to drive animals”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haldaną",
"t": "to hold, keep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, keep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, keep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hallita",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: hallita",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: hallita"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "haldama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: haldama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: haldama"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kelomai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kelomai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kelomai < *kel-etor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέλομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέλομαι (kélomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέλομαι (kélomai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*keľľō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *keľľō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *keľľō < *kel-yeti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέλλω (kéllō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέλλω (kéllō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "celer",
"t": "swift, fast"
},
"expansion": "Latin: celer (“swift, fast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: celer (“swift, fast”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "käl-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: käl-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: käl-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to drive, particularly of animals"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"animals",
"animal"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kel-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kel- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.