See kap- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-yé-ti (“to be grasping”, ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-eh₁yé-ti (eh₁ye-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habjaną",
"t": "to have, hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kápā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάπη",
"t": "crib"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπᾱ́να",
"der": "1",
"t": "wagon",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπᾱ́να (kapā́na, “wagon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπᾱ́να (kapā́na, “wagon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-el-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kapelos",
"t": "one who takes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "discipulus",
"alt": "dis-cipulus",
"der": "1",
"t": "disciple, pupil; cadet",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-nó-s or *kap-ón-o/eh₂- (“harbour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawnos",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cúan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cúan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habnō",
"alt": "*hab(a)nō",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hab(a)nō f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hab(a)nō f (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hafnaz",
"t": "vessel, pot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "haban",
"3": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: haban, havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: haban, havan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: havan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "haven"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: haven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: haven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-ó-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habą",
"t": "sea"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habą (“sea”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habą (“sea”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-tós (“seized, held”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-u-ko-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos",
"t": "cup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kọg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cawg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cawg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cawg"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cuäch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cuäch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cuäch, cuach, cúach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καῦκος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ -shtë"
},
"expansion": "(+ -shtë)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: (“garden”) (+ -shtë)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "kopësht"
},
"expansion": "Gheg Albanian: kopësht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gheg Albanian: kopësht, kopështë"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "als",
"2": "kopsht"
},
"expansion": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kāpos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῆπος",
"t": "garden, orchard, plantation"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-eh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hōbō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kṓpā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κώπη",
"t": "grip, handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "seize",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a non-Indo-European loanword. Perhaps onomatopoeic, compare *gʰabʰ- (“to seize”) as so-called \"chiming roots\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 0 0 0 39 38 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to seize, to grab"
],
"id": "en-kap--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:seize",
"links": [
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:seize"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"id": "en-kap--ine-pro-root-wddo9PTy",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(stative) to hold"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"stative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-s ~ *k(a)p-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaps"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kaps",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kaps"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*caps",
"3": "-ceps",
"qq": "only for nom.sg.",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps (only for nom.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-kaputis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-kaputis",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in compounds"
},
"expansion": "(only in compounds)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps (only for nom.sg.) (only in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*gʰébʰōl</i> ?"
},
"expansion": "(derived like *gʰébʰōl ?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*káp-ōl ~ *k(a)p-l-és (derived like *gʰébʰōl ?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kapā́las",
"der": "1",
"t": "head, skull; bowl"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-ut ~ *k(a)p-wét-s (“head”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "*kap-u-lon-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*habulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habulô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habulô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*habulō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "unc",
"id": "head",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कपाल",
"tr": "kapā́la"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; may be the same as the verbal root in *kap- (Etymology 1) above, particularly if it developed figuratively from the sense “cup, bowl” as retained in Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos and perhaps Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la). Otherwise, sound-symbolic or borrowed from a substrate, as evidenced by the a-grade.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 0 66 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 82 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 0 77 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European irregularly shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 0 56 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"head"
],
"id": "en-kap--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:head",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:head"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʰébʰōl"
},
{
"word": "*ḱérh₂sō"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bowl, cup"
],
"id": "en-kap--ine-pro-root-LUv2mtKo",
"links": [
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
],
[
"cup",
"cup"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European irregularly shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European sound-symbolic terms",
"Proto-Indo-European terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-yé-ti (“to be grasping”, ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-eh₁yé-ti (eh₁ye-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habjaną",
"t": "to have, hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kápā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάπη",
"t": "crib"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπᾱ́να",
"der": "1",
"t": "wagon",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπᾱ́να (kapā́na, “wagon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπᾱ́να (kapā́na, “wagon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-el-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kapelos",
"t": "one who takes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "discipulus",
"alt": "dis-cipulus",
"der": "1",
"t": "disciple, pupil; cadet",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-nó-s or *kap-ón-o/eh₂- (“harbour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawnos",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cúan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cúan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habnō",
"alt": "*hab(a)nō",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hab(a)nō f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hab(a)nō f (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hafnaz",
"t": "vessel, pot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "haban",
"3": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: haban, havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: haban, havan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: havan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "haven"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: haven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: haven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-ó-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habą",
"t": "sea"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habą (“sea”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habą (“sea”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-tós (“seized, held”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-u-ko-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos",
"t": "cup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kọg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cawg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cawg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cawg"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cuäch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cuäch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cuäch, cuach, cúach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καῦκος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ -shtë"
},
"expansion": "(+ -shtë)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: (“garden”) (+ -shtë)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "kopësht"
},
"expansion": "Gheg Albanian: kopësht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gheg Albanian: kopësht, kopështë"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "als",
"2": "kopsht"
},
"expansion": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kāpos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῆπος",
"t": "garden, orchard, plantation"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-eh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hōbō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kṓpā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κώπη",
"t": "grip, handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "seize",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a non-Indo-European loanword. Perhaps onomatopoeic, compare *gʰabʰ- (“to seize”) as so-called \"chiming roots\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to seize, to grab"
],
"links": [
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:seize"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European stative verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(stative) to hold"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"stative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European irregularly shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European sound-symbolic terms",
"Proto-Indo-European terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-s ~ *k(a)p-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaps"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kaps",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kaps"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*caps",
"3": "-ceps",
"qq": "only for nom.sg.",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps (only for nom.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-kaputis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-kaputis",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in compounds"
},
"expansion": "(only in compounds)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps (only for nom.sg.) (only in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*gʰébʰōl</i> ?"
},
"expansion": "(derived like *gʰébʰōl ?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*káp-ōl ~ *k(a)p-l-és (derived like *gʰébʰōl ?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kapā́las",
"der": "1",
"t": "head, skull; bowl"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-ut ~ *k(a)p-wét-s (“head”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "*kap-u-lon-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*habulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habulô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habulô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*habulō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "unc",
"id": "head",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कपाल",
"tr": "kapā́la"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; may be the same as the verbal root in *kap- (Etymology 1) above, particularly if it developed figuratively from the sense “cup, bowl” as retained in Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos and perhaps Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la). Otherwise, sound-symbolic or borrowed from a substrate, as evidenced by the a-grade.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"head"
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:head"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʰébʰōl"
},
{
"word": "*ḱérh₂sō"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Vessels"
],
"glosses": [
"bowl, cup"
],
"links": [
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
],
[
"cup",
"cup"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kap- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (13.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.