See kakka- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kakka- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kak(k)-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kākā́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā́ˀtei\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: kākāt, kakāt\nLithuanian: kakóti\nProto-Slavic: *kàkati (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā́ˀtei\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: kākāt, kakāt\nLithuanian: kakóti\nProto-Slavic: *kàkati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kakkajō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkajō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkajō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰκκᾰ́ω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κᾰκκᾰ́ω (kakkáō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κᾰκκᾰ́ω (kakkáō) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kakāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kakāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kakāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cacō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cacō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cacō; cacāre (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kak(k)-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "kakë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: kakë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: kakë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kākā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kaka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kaka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kàka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kàka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kàka (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kakkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάκκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάκκη (kákkē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάκκη (kákkē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kakka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kakka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kakka"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "ککه",
"tr": "kaká"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: ککه (kaká)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: ککه (kaká)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "ککا",
"t": "sheep's excrement",
"tr": "kakā"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: ککا (kakā, “sheep's excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mazanderani: ککا (kakā, “sheep's excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "ککه",
"tr": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: ککه (kaka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: ککه (kaka), ککی (kakê)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-ira",
"2": "ککه",
"tr": "kake"
},
"expansion": "Iranian Persian: ککه (kake)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke)"
},
"expansion": "(in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Iranian Persian: ککه (kake) (in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kakkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kakkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kakkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "*cacca"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *cacca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *cacca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "քակոր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "քաք"
},
"expansion": "Middle Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաք"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քակոր"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kakkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kakkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kakkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cacc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cacc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cacc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cac"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cac"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cac"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cac"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kax"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kax",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kax"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "cauch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: cauch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: cauch"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "cac'h"
},
"expansion": "Breton: cac'h",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: cac'h"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "caugh"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: caugh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: caugh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cach"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a Lallwort of imitative/expressive origin. Calvert Watkins claimed in particular: \"imitative of glottal closure during defecation\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kakka-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European irregular-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to defecate"
],
"id": "en-kakka--ine-pro-root--7oC01Ui",
"links": [
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "c.f. Proto-Slavic *govьno; Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha)",
"word": "gʷewh₁-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Calvert Watkins"
]
}
],
"word": "kakka-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kak(k)-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kākā́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā́ˀtei\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: kākāt, kakāt\nLithuanian: kakóti\nProto-Slavic: *kàkati (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā́ˀtei\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: kākāt, kakāt\nLithuanian: kakóti\nProto-Slavic: *kàkati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kakkajō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkajō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkajō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰκκᾰ́ω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κᾰκκᾰ́ω (kakkáō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κᾰκκᾰ́ω (kakkáō) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kakāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kakāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kakāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cacō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cacō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cacō; cacāre (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kak(k)-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "kakë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: kakë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: kakë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kākā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kaka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kaka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kaka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kaka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kàka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kàka",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kàka (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kakkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kakkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάκκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάκκη (kákkē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάκκη (kákkē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kakka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kakka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kakka"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "ککه",
"tr": "kaká"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: ککه (kaká)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: ککه (kaká)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "ککا",
"t": "sheep's excrement",
"tr": "kakā"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: ککا (kakā, “sheep's excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mazanderani: ککا (kakā, “sheep's excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "ککه",
"tr": "kaka"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: ککه (kaka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: ککه (kaka), ککی (kakê)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-ira",
"2": "ککه",
"tr": "kake"
},
"expansion": "Iranian Persian: ککه (kake)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke)"
},
"expansion": "(in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Iranian Persian: ککه (kake) (in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kakkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kakkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kakkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "*cacca"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin: *cacca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin: *cacca"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "քակոր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "քաք"
},
"expansion": "Middle Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաք"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քակոր"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kakkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kakkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kakkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cacc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cacc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cacc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cac"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cac"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cac"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cac"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kax"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kax",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kax"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "cauch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: cauch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: cauch"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "cac'h"
},
"expansion": "Breton: cac'h",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: cac'h"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "caugh"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: caugh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: caugh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cach"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a Lallwort of imitative/expressive origin. Calvert Watkins claimed in particular: \"imitative of glottal closure during defecation\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kakka-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European irregular-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to defecate"
],
"links": [
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Calvert Watkins"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "c.f. Proto-Slavic *govьno; Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha)",
"word": "gʷewh₁-"
}
],
"word": "kakka-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.