See kʷeys- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷéyst (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čáyšt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáyšt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáyšt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čáyšt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čáyšt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čáyšt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙",
"pos": "3sg.inj"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙 (cōišt, 3sg.inj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙 (cōišt, 3sg.inj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀",
"pos": "3pl.inj"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (cōišta, 3pl.inj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (cōišta, 3pl.inj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷi-né-s-ti ~ *kʷi-n-s-énti (nasal-infix athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*činásti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *činásti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *činásti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*činástī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *činástī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *činástī"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯",
"pos": "3sg.inj"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯 (cinas, 3sg.inj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯 (cinas, 3sg.inj), 𐬗𐬍𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬍 (cīšmahī, 3pl.ind)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌",
"pos": "3sg.ind",
"t": "to decide, determine"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (cinasti, “to decide, determine”, 3sg.ind)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (cinasti, “to decide, determine”, 3sg.ind)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷís-e-ti ~ *kʷís-o-nti (simple thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷiseti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷiseti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷiseti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "pissiumi",
"der": "1",
"t": "I will see"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: pissiumi (“I will see”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gaulish: pissiumi (“I will see”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adcí",
"der": "1",
"t": "to see, behold"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Irish: adcí (“to see, behold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Irish: adcí (“to see, behold”) (+ *h₂éd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷis-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čištás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čištás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čištás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćiṣṭás",
"t": "message",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćiṣṭás (“message”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćiṣṭás (“message”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*चिष्ट"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: *चिष्ट (ciṣṭa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *चिष्ट (ciṣṭa) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čištáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čištáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čištáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "nʾmcšt'",
"der": "1",
"t": "known by name",
"ts": "nāmčišt"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Persian: nʾmcšt' (/nāmčišt/, “known by name”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Persian: nʾmcšt' (/nāmčišt/, “known by name”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷoys-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kayšás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kayšás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kayšás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kayšás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kayšás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kayšás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬝𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀",
"t": "teaching"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬝𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (t̰kaēša, “teaching”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬝𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (t̰kaēša, “teaching”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "kyš",
"t": "dogma, faith",
"ts": "kēš"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: kyš (/kēš/, “dogma, faith”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: kyš (/kēš/, “dogma, faith”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کیش",
"t": "religion",
"tr": "kêš"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کیش (kêš, “religion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کیش (kêš, “religion”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷóyseh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷoizā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoizā\nLatin: cura (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoizā\nLatin: cura (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended from *kʷey- (“to perceive”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷeys-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to see; to heed"
],
"id": "en-kʷeys--ine-pro-root-mcpefXeZ",
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"heed",
"heed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷeys-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷéyst (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čáyšt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáyšt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáyšt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čáyšt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čáyšt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čáyšt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙",
"pos": "3sg.inj"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙 (cōišt, 3sg.inj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙 (cōišt, 3sg.inj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀",
"pos": "3pl.inj"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (cōišta, 3pl.inj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (cōišta, 3pl.inj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷi-né-s-ti ~ *kʷi-n-s-énti (nasal-infix athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*činásti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *činásti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *činásti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*činástī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *činástī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *činástī"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯",
"pos": "3sg.inj"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯 (cinas, 3sg.inj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯 (cinas, 3sg.inj), 𐬗𐬍𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬍 (cīšmahī, 3pl.ind)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌",
"pos": "3sg.ind",
"t": "to decide, determine"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (cinasti, “to decide, determine”, 3sg.ind)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (cinasti, “to decide, determine”, 3sg.ind)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷís-e-ti ~ *kʷís-o-nti (simple thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷiseti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷiseti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷiseti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "pissiumi",
"der": "1",
"t": "I will see"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: pissiumi (“I will see”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gaulish: pissiumi (“I will see”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adcí",
"der": "1",
"t": "to see, behold"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Irish: adcí (“to see, behold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Irish: adcí (“to see, behold”) (+ *h₂éd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷis-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čištás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čištás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čištás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćiṣṭás",
"t": "message",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćiṣṭás (“message”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćiṣṭás (“message”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*चिष्ट"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: *चिष्ट (ciṣṭa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *चिष्ट (ciṣṭa) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čištáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čištáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čištáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "nʾmcšt'",
"der": "1",
"t": "known by name",
"ts": "nāmčišt"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Persian: nʾmcšt' (/nāmčišt/, “known by name”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Persian: nʾmcšt' (/nāmčišt/, “known by name”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷoys-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kayšás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kayšás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kayšás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kayšás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kayšás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kayšás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬝𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀",
"t": "teaching"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬝𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (t̰kaēša, “teaching”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬝𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (t̰kaēša, “teaching”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "kyš",
"t": "dogma, faith",
"ts": "kēš"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: kyš (/kēš/, “dogma, faith”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: kyš (/kēš/, “dogma, faith”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کیش",
"t": "religion",
"tr": "kêš"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کیش (kêš, “religion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کیش (kêš, “religion”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷóyseh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷoizā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoizā\nLatin: cura (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoizā\nLatin: cura (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended from *kʷey- (“to perceive”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷeys-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to see; to heed"
],
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"heed",
"heed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷeys-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kʷeys- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.