See h₃er- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for h₃er- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (14.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃er-dʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r-ey-H-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r-ew-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*er-",
"t": "to evoke, bring forth, produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *er- (“to evoke, bring forth, produce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *er- (“to evoke, bring forth, produce”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: er-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: er-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ऋ (ṛ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ऋ (ṛ), ईर् (īr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃ér-t ~ *h₃r-ént (athematic perfective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "յարեայ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: յարեայ (yareay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: յարեայ (yareay)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὦρτο"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὦρτο (ôrto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὦρτο (ôrto)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आर्त"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: आर्त (ārta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: आर्त (ārta)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬁",
"pos": "2nd.aor.impv.med."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬁 (uzār^əšuuā, 2nd.aor.impv.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬁 (uzār^əšuuā, 2nd.aor.impv.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ertär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ertär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ertär"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥sćáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥sćáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥sćáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥sćáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥sćáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥sćáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋच्छति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ऋच्छति (ṛcchati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ऋच्छति (ṛcchati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃i-h₃ér-ti ~ *h₃i-h₃r-énti (reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HiHárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HiHárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HiHárti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*HiHárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HiHárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HiHárti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "इयर्ति",
"tr": "íyarti, iyárti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: इयर्ति (íyarti, iyárti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: इयर्ति (íyarti, iyárti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*HiHárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *HiHárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *HiHárti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬏"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬏 (īratū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬏 (īratū)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r̥-néw-ti ~ *h₃r̥-nw-énti (new-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣",
"tr": "ar-nu-uz-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 (ar-nu-uz-zi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 (ar-nu-uz-zi), 𒅈𒉡𒍣 (ar-nu-zi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "յառնեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: յառնեմ (yaṙnem)\nArmenian: հառնել (haṙnel), արի՛ (arí)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: յառնեմ (yaṙnem)\nArmenian: հառնել (haṙnel), արի՛ (arí)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rinǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *rinǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *rinǫti (or from *h₃ri-né-H-ti < *h₃reyH-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rinnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *rinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *rinnaną (or from *h₃ri-né-H-ti < *h₃reyH-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*órnūmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *órnūmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *órnūmi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄρνῡμι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃ér-os ~ *h₃ér-es-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὄρος (óros), οὖρος (oûros); ὦρος (ôros)\nGreek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)\n→ English: oro-\n⇒ Italian: oro-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὄρος (óros), οὖρος (oûros); ὦρος (ôros)\nGreek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)\n→ English: oro-\n⇒ Italian: oro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃ér-ti-s ~ *h₃r̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥tíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tíš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥tíṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tíṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tíṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋति",
"tr": "ṛtí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ऋति (ṛtí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ऋति (ṛtí)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃réwnos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸",
"tr": "a-ru-na-aš"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸 (a-ru-na-aš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸 (a-ru-na-aš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃érō",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "eagle",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *h₃érō (“eagle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *h₃érō (“eagle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արմն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: արմն (armn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: արմն (armn), արմ (arm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "արմ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: արմ (arm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: արմ (arm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արթ-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: արթ- (artʻ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) >? Old Armenian: արթ- (artʻ-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ortь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ortь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ortь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*arniz",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *arniz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *arniz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ernustuz",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *ernustuz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *ernustuz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρίνω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὀρίνω (orínō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὀρίνω (orínō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄρμενος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὄρμενος (órmenos), ὅρμενος (hórmenos)\n→ Latin: ormenos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὄρμενος (órmenos), ὅρμενος (hórmenos)\n→ Latin: ormenos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀροθῡ́νω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὀροθῡ́νω (orothū́nō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὀροθῡ́νω (orothū́nō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρέθω",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρέθω (eréthō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρέθω (eréthō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρίζω",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρίζω (erízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρίζω (erízō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔρις",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἔρις (éris)\nGreek: έριδα (érida)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἔρις (éris)\nGreek: έριδα (érida)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ἐρινύς",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: Ἐρινύς (Erinús)\nGreek: Ερινύς (Erinýs)\nplural: Ερινύες (Erinýes)\n→ Latin: Erinys (pl. Erinyes)\n→ English: Erinys, Erinyes",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: Ἐρινύς (Erinús)\nGreek: Ερινύς (Erinýs)\nplural: Ερινύες (Erinýes)\n→ Latin: Erinys (pl. Erinyes)\n→ English: Erinys, Erinyes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*orjōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *orjōr\nLatin: orior\n⇒ Romanian: urca\n⇒ Latin: orīgō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: orto (participle perfect)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *orjōr\nLatin: orior\n⇒ Romanian: urca\n⇒ Latin: orīgō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: orto (participle perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*ār-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *ār-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *ār-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ār-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ār-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ār-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ār-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ār-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ār-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃er-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to move, to stir"
],
"id": "en-h₃er--ine-pro-root-HuL3DTN0",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to rise, to spring"
],
"id": "en-h₃er--ine-pro-root-fTTMxdS1",
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 0 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to quarrel, fight"
],
"id": "en-h₃er--ine-pro-root-lwCwfK50",
"links": [
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "h₃er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European HeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃er-dʰ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r-ey-H-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r-ew-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*er-",
"t": "to evoke, bring forth, produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *er- (“to evoke, bring forth, produce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *er- (“to evoke, bring forth, produce”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: er-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: er-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ऋ (ṛ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ऋ (ṛ), ईर् (īr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃ér-t ~ *h₃r-ént (athematic perfective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "յարեայ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: յարեայ (yareay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: յարեայ (yareay)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὦρτο"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὦρτο (ôrto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὦρτο (ôrto)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आर्त"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: आर्त (ārta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: आर्त (ārta)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬁",
"pos": "2nd.aor.impv.med."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬁 (uzār^əšuuā, 2nd.aor.impv.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬁 (uzār^əšuuā, 2nd.aor.impv.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ertär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ertär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ertär"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥sćáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥sćáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥sćáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥sćáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥sćáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥sćáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋच्छति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ऋच्छति (ṛcchati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ऋच्छति (ṛcchati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃i-h₃ér-ti ~ *h₃i-h₃r-énti (reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HiHárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HiHárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HiHárti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*HiHárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HiHárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HiHárti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "इयर्ति",
"tr": "íyarti, iyárti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: इयर्ति (íyarti, iyárti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: इयर्ति (íyarti, iyárti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*HiHárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *HiHárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *HiHárti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬏"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬏 (īratū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬏 (īratū)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃r̥-néw-ti ~ *h₃r̥-nw-énti (new-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣",
"tr": "ar-nu-uz-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 (ar-nu-uz-zi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 (ar-nu-uz-zi), 𒅈𒉡𒍣 (ar-nu-zi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "յառնեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: յառնեմ (yaṙnem)\nArmenian: հառնել (haṙnel), արի՛ (arí)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: յառնեմ (yaṙnem)\nArmenian: հառնել (haṙnel), արի՛ (arí)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rinǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *rinǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *rinǫti (or from *h₃ri-né-H-ti < *h₃reyH-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rinnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *rinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *rinnaną (or from *h₃ri-né-H-ti < *h₃reyH-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*órnūmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *órnūmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *órnūmi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄρνῡμι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃ér-os ~ *h₃ér-es-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὄρος (óros), οὖρος (oûros); ὦρος (ôros)\nGreek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)\n→ English: oro-\n⇒ Italian: oro-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὄρος (óros), οὖρος (oûros); ὦρος (ôros)\nGreek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)\n→ English: oro-\n⇒ Italian: oro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃ér-ti-s ~ *h₃r̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥tíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tíš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥tíṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tíṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tíṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऋति",
"tr": "ṛtí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ऋति (ṛtí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ऋति (ṛtí)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₃réwnos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸",
"tr": "a-ru-na-aš"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸 (a-ru-na-aš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸 (a-ru-na-aš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃érō",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "eagle",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *h₃érō (“eagle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *h₃érō (“eagle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արմն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: արմն (armn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: արմն (armn), արմ (arm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "արմ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: արմ (arm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: արմ (arm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արթ-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Armenian: արթ- (artʻ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) >? Old Armenian: արթ- (artʻ-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ortь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ortь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ortь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*arniz",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *arniz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *arniz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ernustuz",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *ernustuz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *ernustuz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρίνω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὀρίνω (orínō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὀρίνω (orínō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄρμενος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὄρμενος (órmenos), ὅρμενος (hórmenos)\n→ Latin: ormenos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὄρμενος (órmenos), ὅρμενος (hórmenos)\n→ Latin: ormenos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀροθῡ́νω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὀροθῡ́νω (orothū́nō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὀροθῡ́νω (orothū́nō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρέθω",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρέθω (eréthō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρέθω (eréthō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρίζω",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρίζω (erízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρίζω (erízō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔρις",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἔρις (éris)\nGreek: έριδα (érida)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἔρις (éris)\nGreek: έριδα (érida)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ἐρινύς",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: Ἐρινύς (Erinús)\nGreek: Ερινύς (Erinýs)\nplural: Ερινύες (Erinýes)\n→ Latin: Erinys (pl. Erinyes)\n→ English: Erinys, Erinyes",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: Ἐρινύς (Erinús)\nGreek: Ερινύς (Erinýs)\nplural: Ερινύες (Erinýes)\n→ Latin: Erinys (pl. Erinyes)\n→ English: Erinys, Erinyes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*orjōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *orjōr\nLatin: orior\n⇒ Romanian: urca\n⇒ Latin: orīgō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: orto (participle perfect)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *orjōr\nLatin: orior\n⇒ Romanian: urca\n⇒ Latin: orīgō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: orto (participle perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*ār-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *ār-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: *ār-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ār-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ār-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ār-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ār-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ār-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ār-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃er-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to move, to stir"
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to rise, to spring"
],
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to quarrel, fight"
],
"links": [
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "h₃er-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.