See h₂erh₃- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érh₃-wr̥ ~ *h₂r̥h₃-wén̥-s (“grain, corn”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*arwar",
"alt1": "*arwar ~ *arwens"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "arbor",
"alt": "arbor ~ arbae"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "arbhar"
},
"expansion": "Irish: arbhar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: arbhar"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: arbhar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erh₃-wr̥-ih₂ (“cropland”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ároura"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρουρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उर्वरा",
"tr": "urvárā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*arwī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "erv"
},
"expansion": "Breton: erv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: erv"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "erow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: erow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: erow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "erw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: erw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: erw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arawos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arawos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arawos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arvus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*arw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*orvьnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uncertain"
},
"expansion": "(uncertain)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(uncertain) *h₂r̥h₃-eh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*arwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "arë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: arë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: arë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "(possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "aramaite",
"gloss": "ploughed field, arable land"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հարաւունք"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ) < *h₂erh₃-won-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արօս",
"alt": "արաւս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws) (possibly)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plough"
],
"id": "en-h₂erh₃--ine-pro-root-9T26LxTa",
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "h₂erh₃-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érh₃-wr̥ ~ *h₂r̥h₃-wén̥-s (“grain, corn”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*arwar",
"alt1": "*arwar ~ *arwens"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "arbor",
"alt": "arbor ~ arbae"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "arbhar"
},
"expansion": "Irish: arbhar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: arbhar"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: arbhar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erh₃-wr̥-ih₂ (“cropland”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ároura"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρουρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उर्वरा",
"tr": "urvárā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*arwī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "erv"
},
"expansion": "Breton: erv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: erv"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "erow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: erow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: erow"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "erw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: erw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: erw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arawos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arawos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arawos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arvus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*arw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*orvьnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uncertain"
},
"expansion": "(uncertain)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(uncertain) *h₂r̥h₃-eh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*arwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "arë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: arë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: arë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "(possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "aramaite",
"gloss": "ploughed field, arable land"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հարաւունք"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ) < *h₂erh₃-won-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արօս",
"alt": "արաւս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws) (possibly)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European HeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"to plough"
],
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "h₂erh₃-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for h₂erh₃- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.