"h₂erh₃-" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See h₂erh₃- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Root

  1. to plough Tags: morpheme, reconstruction

Download JSON data for h₂erh₃- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂érh₃-wr̥ ~ *h₂r̥h₃-wén̥-s (“grain, corn”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*arwar ~ *arwens"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "arbor",
            "alt": "arbor ~ arbae"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "arbhar"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: arbhar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: arbhar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: arbhar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂erh₃-wr̥-ih₂ (“cropland”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*ároura"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἄρουρα"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "उर्वरा",
            "tr": "urvárā"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*arwī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "erv"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: erv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: erv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "erow"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: erow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: erow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "erw"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: erw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: erw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*arwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arwos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *arwos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "arvus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: arvus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: arvus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*arw-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*orvьnъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uncertain"
          },
          "expansion": "(uncertain)",
          "name": "qual"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(uncertain) *h₂r̥h₃-eh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*arwa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "arë"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: arë",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: arë"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qual"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "aramaite",
            "gloss": "ploughed field, arable land"
          },
          "expansion": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "հարաւունք"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ) < *h₂erh₃-won-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "արօս",
            "alt": "արաւս"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws) (possibly)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European HeRH-shape roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plough"
      ],
      "id": "en-h₂erh₃--ine-pro-root-9T26LxTa",
      "links": [
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "h₂erh₃-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂érh₃-wr̥ ~ *h₂r̥h₃-wén̥-s (“grain, corn”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*arwar ~ *arwens"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "arbor",
            "alt": "arbor ~ arbae"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "arbhar"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: arbhar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: arbhar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: arbhar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂erh₃-wr̥-ih₂ (“cropland”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*ároura"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ároura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἄρουρα"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "उर्वरा",
            "tr": "urvárā"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*Hr̥HwáraH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*arwī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *arwī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "erv"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: erv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: erv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "erow"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: erow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: erow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "erw"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: erw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: erw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*arwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arwos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *arwos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "arvus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: arvus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: arvus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*arw-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*orvьnъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *orvьnъ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uncertain"
          },
          "expansion": "(uncertain)",
          "name": "qual"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(uncertain) *h₂r̥h₃-eh₂ (“fertile soil”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*arwa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *arwa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "arë"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: arë",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: arë"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qual"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "(possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "aramaite",
            "gloss": "ploughed field, arable land"
          },
          "expansion": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "հարաւունք"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ) < *h₂erh₃-won-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "արօս",
            "alt": "արաւս"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: արաւս (araws) (possibly)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Indo-European HeRH-shape roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European roots",
        "ine-pro:Agriculture"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to plough"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plough",
          "plough"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "h₂erh₃-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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