See h₂enǵʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂énǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄγχω",
"gloss": "I compress, strangle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I compress, strangle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I compress, strangle”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "angō",
"gloss": "I cause pain"
},
"expansion": "Latin: angō (“I cause pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: angō (“I cause pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*h₂énǵʰ-u-s ~ *h₂n̥ǵʰ-éw-s (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂enǵʰ-us-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*angustiz",
"t": "narrowness, tightness, anxiety"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (“narrowness, tightness, anxiety”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (“narrowness, tightness, anxiety”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂énǵʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*angazaz",
"t": "worry, grief, anxiety"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (“worry, grief, anxiety”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (“worry, grief, anxiety”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀγχοῦ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀγχοῦ (ankhoû)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἀγχοῦ (ankhoû), ἄγχι (ánkhi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hánȷ́ʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂enǵʰ-os-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "angustus",
"gloss": "narrow, close"
},
"expansion": "Latin: angustus (“narrow, close”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: angustus (“narrow, close”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂enǵʰ-s-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ānxius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ānxius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ānxius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "angësht"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: angësht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: angësht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "անձաւ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: անձաւ (anjaw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: անձաւ (anjaw)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*komangus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *komangus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *komangus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cyfyng"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cyfyng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cyfyng"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cumung",
"t": "narrow, tight, constricted"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cumung (“narrow, tight, constricted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cumung (“narrow, tight, constricted”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Breton kem- prep \"with\" + eng \"narrow\""
}
],
"etymology_text": "Hittite ḫamank- 'to tie' suggests that the earlier form should be reconstructed not as *h₂enǵʰ- but as *h₂emǵʰ-, which weakens the argument for a (genetic) relation to Proto-Uralic *aŋke 'painfully constricted'. Perhaps related to *h₂eng-, *h₂enk-, *h₂eḱ-",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enǵʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to constrict, tighten, compress"
],
"id": "en-h₂enǵʰ--ine-pro-root-M0gjlpQ-",
"links": [
[
"constrict",
"constrict"
],
[
"tighten",
"tighten"
],
[
"compress",
"compress"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"narrow, tight"
],
"id": "en-h₂enǵʰ--ine-pro-root-bVxbzt6h",
"links": [
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 0 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 0 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 0 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"distressed, anxious"
],
"id": "en-h₂enǵʰ--ine-pro-root-kKgWFvQa",
"links": [
[
"distressed",
"distressed"
],
[
"anxious",
"anxious"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "h₂enǵʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European HeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂énǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄγχω",
"gloss": "I compress, strangle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I compress, strangle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I compress, strangle”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "angō",
"gloss": "I cause pain"
},
"expansion": "Latin: angō (“I cause pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: angō (“I cause pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*h₂énǵʰ-u-s ~ *h₂n̥ǵʰ-éw-s (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂enǵʰ-us-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*angustiz",
"t": "narrowness, tightness, anxiety"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (“narrowness, tightness, anxiety”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (“narrowness, tightness, anxiety”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂énǵʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*angazaz",
"t": "worry, grief, anxiety"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (“worry, grief, anxiety”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (“worry, grief, anxiety”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀγχοῦ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀγχοῦ (ankhoû)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἀγχοῦ (ankhoû), ἄγχι (ánkhi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hánȷ́ʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂enǵʰ-os-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "angustus",
"gloss": "narrow, close"
},
"expansion": "Latin: angustus (“narrow, close”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: angustus (“narrow, close”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂enǵʰ-s-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ānxius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ānxius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ānxius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "angësht"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: angësht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: angësht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "անձաւ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: անձաւ (anjaw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: անձաւ (anjaw)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*komangus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *komangus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *komangus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cyfyng"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cyfyng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cyfyng"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cumung",
"t": "narrow, tight, constricted"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cumung (“narrow, tight, constricted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cumung (“narrow, tight, constricted”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Breton kem- prep \"with\" + eng \"narrow\""
}
],
"etymology_text": "Hittite ḫamank- 'to tie' suggests that the earlier form should be reconstructed not as *h₂enǵʰ- but as *h₂emǵʰ-, which weakens the argument for a (genetic) relation to Proto-Uralic *aŋke 'painfully constricted'. Perhaps related to *h₂eng-, *h₂enk-, *h₂eḱ-",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enǵʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to constrict, tighten, compress"
],
"links": [
[
"constrict",
"constrict"
],
[
"tighten",
"tighten"
],
[
"compress",
"compress"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"narrow, tight"
],
"links": [
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"distressed, anxious"
],
"links": [
[
"distressed",
"distressed"
],
[
"anxious",
"anxious"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "h₂enǵʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for h₂enǵʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.