See h₁ed- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for h₁ed- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-ti ~ *h₁d-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁od-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*atjaną",
"id": "feed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *atjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *atjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hādáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hādáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hādáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hādáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आदयति",
"tr": "ādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: आदयति (ādáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: आदयति (ādáyati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁ōd-e/o- (a lengthened grade of disputed origin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ուտեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ուտեմ (utem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ուտեմ (utem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁ēd-so-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ēsaz",
"t": "food, carrion, bait"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ēsaz (“food, carrion, bait”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ēsaz (“food, carrion, bait”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "yats",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: yats (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: yats (“skin”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yetse",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-tōr (“eater”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अत्तृ",
"tr": "attṛ́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अत्तृ (attṛ́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अत्तृ (attṛ́)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*essōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *essōr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *essōr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ēsor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ēsor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ēsor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂eyeri-h₁d-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ayerīston"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ayerīston",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ayerīston"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ᾱ̓́ρῑστον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ᾱ̓́ρῑστον (ā́rīston)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ᾱ̓́ρῑστον (ā́rīston)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-nom (“eaten”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hádnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádnam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádnam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hánnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánnam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánnam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अन्न",
"tr": "ánna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अन्न (ánna)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अन्न (ánna) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-wr̥ ~ *h₁d-wén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*etunaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *etunaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thematicized from *h₁ed-un-os"
},
"expansion": "(thematicized from *h₁ed-un-os)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *etunaz (thematicized from *h₁ed-un-os) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἶδαρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: εἶδαρ (eîdar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: εἶδαρ (eîdar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*n̥-h₁d-ti- (“having no eating”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "նօթի",
"alt": "նաւթի",
"t": "hungry"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: նաւթի (nawtʻi, “hungry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: նաւթի (nawtʻi, “hungry”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νῆστις",
"t": "not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῆστις (nêstis, “not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νῆστις (nêstis, “not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*eda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *eda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *eda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ha",
"t": "I eat"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ha (“I eat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with preservation of the laryngeal?"
},
"expansion": "(with preservation of the laryngeal?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ha (“I eat”) (with preservation of the laryngeal?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒀀𒁺𒈾",
"tr": "aduna"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (aduna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (aduna)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HeC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"id": "en-h₁ed--ine-pro-root-Unr3wQmn",
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "h₁ed-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-ti ~ *h₁d-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁od-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*atjaną",
"id": "feed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *atjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *atjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hādáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hādáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hādáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hādáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "आदयति",
"tr": "ādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: आदयति (ādáyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: आदयति (ādáyati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁ōd-e/o- (a lengthened grade of disputed origin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ուտեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ուտեմ (utem)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ուտեմ (utem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁ēd-so-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ēsaz",
"t": "food, carrion, bait"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ēsaz (“food, carrion, bait”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ēsaz (“food, carrion, bait”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "yats",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: yats (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: yats (“skin”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yetse",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-tōr (“eater”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अत्तृ",
"tr": "attṛ́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अत्तृ (attṛ́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अत्तृ (attṛ́)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*essōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *essōr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *essōr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ēsor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ēsor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ēsor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂eyeri-h₁d-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ayerīston"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ayerīston",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ayerīston"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ᾱ̓́ρῑστον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ᾱ̓́ρῑστον (ā́rīston)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ᾱ̓́ρῑστον (ā́rīston)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-nom (“eaten”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hádnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádnam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádnam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hánnam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánnam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánnam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अन्न",
"tr": "ánna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अन्न (ánna)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अन्न (ánna) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₁éd-wr̥ ~ *h₁d-wén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*etunaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *etunaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thematicized from *h₁ed-un-os"
},
"expansion": "(thematicized from *h₁ed-un-os)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *etunaz (thematicized from *h₁ed-un-os) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἶδαρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: εἶδαρ (eîdar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: εἶδαρ (eîdar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*n̥-h₁d-ti- (“having no eating”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "նօթի",
"alt": "նաւթի",
"t": "hungry"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: նաւթի (nawtʻi, “hungry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: նաւթի (nawtʻi, “hungry”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νῆστις",
"t": "not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῆστις (nêstis, “not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: νῆστις (nêstis, “not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*eda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *eda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *eda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ha",
"t": "I eat"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ha (“I eat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with preservation of the laryngeal?"
},
"expansion": "(with preservation of the laryngeal?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ha (“I eat”) (with preservation of the laryngeal?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒀀𒁺𒈾",
"tr": "aduna"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (aduna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (aduna)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European HeC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Food and drink"
],
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "h₁ed-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.