See gʷelH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelH-éti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կեղ",
"gloss": "wound, sore, ulcer"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: կեղ (keł, “wound, sore, ulcer”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: կեղ (keł, “wound, sore, ulcer”), կեղեմ (kełem, “to torment, torture, afflict”), (possibly) կեղերջ (kełerǰ, “complaint, grievance, pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gráHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gráHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gráHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gráHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈",
"alt": "𐬥𐬌-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈",
"t": "to throw down"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬌-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈 (ni-γrāⁱre, “to throw down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬌-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈 (ni-γrāⁱre, “to throw down”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pashto: غوزارول (γwəzārawə́l, “throw, cause to fall, knock over”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرزین",
"t": "arrow",
"tr": "gerzin"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گرزین (gerzin, “arrow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گرزین (gerzin, “arrow”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dzel̂t",
"t": "to sting"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dzel̂t (“to sting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dzel̂t (“to sting”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gélti",
"gloss": "to hurt severely"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gélti (“to hurt severely”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gélti (“to hurt severely”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kwelaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwelaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwelaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥-né-h₁-ti ~ *gʷl̥-n-h₁-énti (nasal infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*balnīti",
"t": "to die"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *balnīti (“to die”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *balnīti (“to die”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelHtlom or *gʷelHdʰlom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žędlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žędlo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žędlo (< *geldlo) (Vasmer) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βέλος",
"t": "missile"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βέλος (bélos, “missile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βέλος (bélos, “missile”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelH-ón-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βελόνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βελόνη (belónē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βελόνη (belónē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-m̥n-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βέλεμνον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βέλεμνον (bélemnon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βέλεμνον (bélemnon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "belatu-",
"3": "",
"t": "death"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: belatu- (“death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: belatu- (“death”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Belatucadros"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Belatucadros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Belatucadros (Theonym meaning \"beautiful death\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelh₁-éh₂-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷelājō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷelājō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷelāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷelāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷelājō or Proto-Italic: *gʷelāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "volō",
"id": "fly",
"t": "to fly"
},
"expansion": "Latin: volō (“to fly”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: volō (“to fly”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-id-yé-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βαλλίζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βαλλίζω (ballízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βαλλίζω (ballízō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλῆμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλῆμα (blêma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλῆμα (blêma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλητός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλητός (blētós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλητός (blētós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλῆτρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλῆτρον (blêtron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλῆτρον (blêtron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷolH-éye- (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kwaljaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwaljaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwaljaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βολέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βολέω (boléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βολέω (boléō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷolH-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalm (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷόlH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*galas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gals",
"t": "tip, end; death"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gals (“tip, end; death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gals (“tip, end; death”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gãlas",
"t": "tip, end; death"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gãlas (“tip, end; death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gãlas (“tip, end; death”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "gallan (acc.), golis",
"t": "death"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: gallan (acc.), golis (“death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: gallan (acc.), golis (“death”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βόλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βόλος (bólos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βόλος (bólos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gėlà",
"gloss": "acute pain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gėlà (“acute pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gėlà (“acute pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "жель"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: жель (želĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: жель (želĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "žēl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: žēl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: žēl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жаль",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: жаль (žalʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: жаль (žalʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βάλλω (bállō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βάλλω (bállō), βολή (bolḗ), βολίς (bolís)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्गूर्ण"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उद्गूर्ण (udgūrṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उद्गूर्ण (udgūrṇa)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to throw, reach, pierce; to hit by throwing"
],
"id": "en-gʷelH--ine-pro-root-ZY08b0z~",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"reach",
"reach"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʷelH-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-e-ti (present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gálati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gálati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gálati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-cls",
"2": "गलति",
"t": "to drip",
"tr": "gálati"
},
"expansion": "Classical Sanskrit: गलति (gálati, “to drip”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Sanskrit: गलति (gálati, “to drip”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-yé-ti (present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to flow (calmly), to be calm",
"ts": "ku(wa)liya-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [Term?] (/ku(wa)liya-/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [Term?] (/ku(wa)liya-/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-tós (past participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gl̥Htás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gl̥Htás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gl̥Htás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-cls",
"2": "गलित",
"t": "oozed, melted"
},
"expansion": "Classical Sanskrit: गलित (galita, “oozed, melted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Sanskrit: गलित (galita, “oozed, melted”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Fortunatov's law"
},
"expansion": "(via Fortunatov's law)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: *𑀕𑀺𑀝 (*giṭa, “dripped”) (via Fortunatov's law) > *𑀕𑀺𑀟 (*giḍa) > *𑀕𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (*giḍḍaï, “dripps, falls”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-nwe"
},
"expansion": "Northwestern Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northwestern Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਗਿੱਡਣਾ",
"3": "ਗਿਡਣਾ",
"4": "ਡਿਗਣਾ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਗਿੱਡਣਾ (giḍḍaṇā), ਗਿਡਣਾ (giḍṇā), ਡਿਗਣਾ (ḍigṇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਗਿੱਡਣਾ (giḍḍaṇā), ਗਿਡਣਾ (giḍṇā), ਡਿਗਣਾ (ḍigṇā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "گِڈَّݨَا",
"3": "گِڈݨَا",
"4": "ڈِگَّݨَا",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: گِڈَّݨَا (giḍḍaṇā), گِڈݨَا (giḍṇā), ڈِگَّݨَا (ḍiggaṇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: گِڈَّݨَا (giḍḍaṇā), گِڈݨَا (giḍṇā), ڈِگَّݨَا (ḍiggaṇā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani: डिगना / ڈگنا (ḍignā, “to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwellan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गरण",
"t": "dripping"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गरण (garaṇa, “dripping”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गरण (garaṇa, “dripping”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *गिरति (girati, “falls”) (perhaps from older Proto-Indo-Aryan *gl̥(H)yáti ~ *gr̥(H)yáti < Proto-Indo-European *gʷl̥H-yé-ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: *𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀇 (*giraï)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindustani: गिरना / گرنا (girnā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "गिर्नु"
},
"expansion": "Nepali: गिर्नु (girnu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nepali: गिर्नु (girnu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or",
"2": "ଗିରିବା"
},
"expansion": "Odia: ଗିରିବା (giribā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Odia: ଗିରିବା (giribā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ogu",
"2": "गिरइ"
},
"expansion": "Old Gujarati: गिरइ (giraï)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gujarati: गिरइ (giraï)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwr",
"2": "𑅗𑅑𑅭𑅑"
},
"expansion": "Marwari: 𑅗𑅑𑅭𑅑 (giri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marwari: 𑅗𑅑𑅭𑅑 (giri) / गिरइ (girai)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ગરવું"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati: ગરવું (garvũ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gujarati: ગરવું (garvũ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਗਿਰਨਾ / گرنا (girnā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gl̥(H)-d-lá (“oozing”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "if not borrowed from substrate"
},
"expansion": "(if not borrowed from substrate)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Prakrit: *𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*grilla, “wet, damp”), 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla) (if not borrowed from substrate)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindustani: गीला / گِیلَا (gīlā, “wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "gríỊa",
"t": "wet"
},
"expansion": "Kalasha: gríỊa (“wet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalasha: gríỊa (“wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "गीलो"
},
"expansion": "Nepali: गीलो (gīlo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nepali: गीलो (gīlo)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਗਿੱਲਾ / گِلَّا (gillā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-eH- (“to drip > to collapse, be weary”, root extension?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ग्लै<t:is weary>",
"3": "ग्लाति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ग्लै (glai, “is weary”), ग्लाति (glāti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ग्लै (glai, “is weary”), ग्लाति (glāti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "klāy-",
"t": "to collapse"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: klāy- (“to collapse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: klāy- (“to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gul̃ti<t:to lie down>"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gul̃ti (“to lie down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gul̃ti (“to lie down”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gul̃t"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gul̃t",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gul̃t"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drip, ooze"
],
"id": "en-gʷelH--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:drip",
"links": [
[
"drip",
"drip"
],
[
"ooze",
"ooze"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drip"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fortunatov's law",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʷelH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelH-éti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կեղ",
"gloss": "wound, sore, ulcer"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: կեղ (keł, “wound, sore, ulcer”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: կեղ (keł, “wound, sore, ulcer”), կեղեմ (kełem, “to torment, torture, afflict”), (possibly) կեղերջ (kełerǰ, “complaint, grievance, pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gráHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gráHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gráHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gráHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬥𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈",
"alt": "𐬥𐬌-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈",
"t": "to throw down"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬌-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈 (ni-γrāⁱre, “to throw down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬥𐬌-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬈 (ni-γrāⁱre, “to throw down”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pashto: غوزارول (γwəzārawə́l, “throw, cause to fall, knock over”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرزین",
"t": "arrow",
"tr": "gerzin"
},
"expansion": "Persian: گرزین (gerzin, “arrow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: گرزین (gerzin, “arrow”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dzel̂t",
"t": "to sting"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dzel̂t (“to sting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dzel̂t (“to sting”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gélti",
"gloss": "to hurt severely"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gélti (“to hurt severely”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gélti (“to hurt severely”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kwelaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwelaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwelaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥-né-h₁-ti ~ *gʷl̥-n-h₁-énti (nasal infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*balnīti",
"t": "to die"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *balnīti (“to die”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *balnīti (“to die”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelHtlom or *gʷelHdʰlom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žędlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žędlo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žędlo (< *geldlo) (Vasmer) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βέλος",
"t": "missile"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βέλος (bélos, “missile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βέλος (bélos, “missile”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelH-ón-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βελόνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βελόνη (belónē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βελόνη (belónē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-m̥n-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βέλεμνον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βέλεμνον (bélemnon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βέλεμνον (bélemnon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "belatu-",
"3": "",
"t": "death"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: belatu- (“death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: belatu- (“death”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Belatucadros"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Belatucadros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Belatucadros (Theonym meaning \"beautiful death\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷelh₁-éh₂-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷelājō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷelājō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷelāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷelāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷelājō or Proto-Italic: *gʷelāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "volō",
"id": "fly",
"t": "to fly"
},
"expansion": "Latin: volō (“to fly”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: volō (“to fly”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-id-yé-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βαλλίζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βαλλίζω (ballízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βαλλίζω (ballízō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλῆμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλῆμα (blêma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλῆμα (blêma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλητός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλητός (blētós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλητός (blētós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βλῆτρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βλῆτρον (blêtron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βλῆτρον (blêtron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷolH-éye- (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kwaljaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwaljaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwaljaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βολέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βολέω (boléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βολέω (boléō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷolH-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwalm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwalm (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷόlH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*galas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gals",
"t": "tip, end; death"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gals (“tip, end; death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gals (“tip, end; death”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gãlas",
"t": "tip, end; death"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gãlas (“tip, end; death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gãlas (“tip, end; death”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "gallan (acc.), golis",
"t": "death"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: gallan (acc.), golis (“death”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: gallan (acc.), golis (“death”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βόλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βόλος (bólos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βόλος (bólos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gėlà",
"gloss": "acute pain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gėlà (“acute pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gėlà (“acute pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "жель"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: жель (želĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: жель (želĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "žēl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: žēl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: žēl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жаль",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: жаль (žalʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: жаль (žalʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βάλλω (bállō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βάλλω (bállō), βολή (bolḗ), βολίς (bolís)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्गूर्ण"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उद्गूर्ण (udgūrṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उद्गूर्ण (udgūrṇa)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to throw, reach, pierce; to hit by throwing"
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"reach",
"reach"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʷelH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷélH-e-ti (present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gálati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gálati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gálati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-cls",
"2": "गलति",
"t": "to drip",
"tr": "gálati"
},
"expansion": "Classical Sanskrit: गलति (gálati, “to drip”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Sanskrit: गलति (gálati, “to drip”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-yé-ti (present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to flow (calmly), to be calm",
"ts": "ku(wa)liya-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [Term?] (/ku(wa)liya-/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [Term?] (/ku(wa)liya-/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-tós (past participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gl̥Htás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gl̥Htás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gl̥Htás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-cls",
"2": "गलित",
"t": "oozed, melted"
},
"expansion": "Classical Sanskrit: गलित (galita, “oozed, melted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Sanskrit: गलित (galita, “oozed, melted”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Fortunatov's law"
},
"expansion": "(via Fortunatov's law)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: *𑀕𑀺𑀝 (*giṭa, “dripped”) (via Fortunatov's law) > *𑀕𑀺𑀟 (*giḍa) > *𑀕𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (*giḍḍaï, “dripps, falls”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-nwe"
},
"expansion": "Northwestern Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northwestern Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਗਿੱਡਣਾ",
"3": "ਗਿਡਣਾ",
"4": "ਡਿਗਣਾ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਗਿੱਡਣਾ (giḍḍaṇā), ਗਿਡਣਾ (giḍṇā), ਡਿਗਣਾ (ḍigṇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਗਿੱਡਣਾ (giḍḍaṇā), ਗਿਡਣਾ (giḍṇā), ਡਿਗਣਾ (ḍigṇā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "گِڈَّݨَا",
"3": "گِڈݨَا",
"4": "ڈِگَّݨَا",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: گِڈَّݨَا (giḍḍaṇā), گِڈݨَا (giḍṇā), ڈِگَّݨَا (ḍiggaṇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: گِڈَّݨَا (giḍḍaṇā), گِڈݨَا (giḍṇā), ڈِگَّݨَا (ḍiggaṇā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani: डिगना / ڈگنا (ḍignā, “to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwellan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गरण",
"t": "dripping"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गरण (garaṇa, “dripping”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गरण (garaṇa, “dripping”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *गिरति (girati, “falls”) (perhaps from older Proto-Indo-Aryan *gl̥(H)yáti ~ *gr̥(H)yáti < Proto-Indo-European *gʷl̥H-yé-ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: *𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀇 (*giraï)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindustani: गिरना / گرنا (girnā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "गिर्नु"
},
"expansion": "Nepali: गिर्नु (girnu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nepali: गिर्नु (girnu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or",
"2": "ଗିରିବା"
},
"expansion": "Odia: ଗିରିବା (giribā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Odia: ଗିରିବା (giribā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ogu",
"2": "गिरइ"
},
"expansion": "Old Gujarati: गिरइ (giraï)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gujarati: गिरइ (giraï)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwr",
"2": "𑅗𑅑𑅭𑅑"
},
"expansion": "Marwari: 𑅗𑅑𑅭𑅑 (giri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marwari: 𑅗𑅑𑅭𑅑 (giri) / गिरइ (girai)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ગરવું"
},
"expansion": "Gujarati: ગરવું (garvũ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gujarati: ગરવું (garvũ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਗਿਰਨਾ / گرنا (girnā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gl̥(H)-d-lá (“oozing”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "if not borrowed from substrate"
},
"expansion": "(if not borrowed from substrate)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Prakrit: *𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*grilla, “wet, damp”), 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla) (if not borrowed from substrate)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindustani: गीला / گِیلَا (gīlā, “wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "gríỊa",
"t": "wet"
},
"expansion": "Kalasha: gríỊa (“wet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalasha: gríỊa (“wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "गीलो"
},
"expansion": "Nepali: गीलो (gīlo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nepali: गीलो (gīlo)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਗਿੱਲਾ / گِلَّا (gillā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷl̥H-eH- (“to drip > to collapse, be weary”, root extension?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ग्लै<t:is weary>",
"3": "ग्लाति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ग्लै (glai, “is weary”), ग्लाति (glāti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ग्लै (glai, “is weary”), ग्लाति (glāti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "klāy-",
"t": "to collapse"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: klāy- (“to collapse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: klāy- (“to collapse”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gul̃ti<t:to lie down>"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gul̃ti (“to lie down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gul̃ti (“to lie down”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gul̃t"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gul̃t",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gul̃t"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to drip, ooze"
],
"links": [
[
"drip",
"drip"
],
[
"ooze",
"ooze"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drip"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Fortunatov's law",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʷelH-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷelH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (19.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.