See geH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for geH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾éH-yeti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gaˀi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaˀi-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaˀi-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic forms received a “*-d⁽ʰ⁾-” enlargement."
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gáHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गायति",
"t": "he sings",
"tr": "gā́yati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गायति (gā́yati, “he sings”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गायति (gā́yati, “he sings”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "žʾy"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (žʾy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (žʾy), [script needed] (jʾy, “to speak, talk”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "жойак",
"tr": "žoyak"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: жойак (žoyak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: жойак (žoyak), [script needed] (žóyta, “to read, singl to study”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"tr": "γ̆ay-"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: [script needed] (γ̆ay-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: [script needed] (γ̆ay-), [script needed] (γ̆ayd, “to call”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"tr": "žāy-"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: [script needed] (žāy-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: [script needed] (žāy-) / [script needed] (išt-), [script needed] (žāy-) / [script needed] (št-, “to say, speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ḗH-s- ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾éH-s- (*s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáHsi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHsi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gáHsi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHsi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गासि",
"tr": "gā́si"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गासि (gā́si)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गासि (gā́si)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾eHtH-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gaHtʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gaHtʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gaHtʰás, *gaHtʰáH"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gaHtʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gaHtʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gaHtʰás, *gaHtʰáH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गाथ (gāthá), गाथा (gāthā́) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gaHθáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gaHθáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gaHθáh, *gaHθáH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "gāha-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gāha-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gāha-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾éH-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHtram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHtram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (bər^əzigāθra, “singing high”), 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (fragāθra, “singing out”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾iH-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*giHtás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *giHtás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *giHtás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*giHtás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *giHtás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *giHtás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गीत",
"tr": "gītá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गीत (gītá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गीत (gītá) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾eh₂-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/geH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sing"
],
"id": "en-geH--ine-pro-root-e1aXhU~s",
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry"
],
"id": "en-geH--ine-pro-root-pVY01nWW",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "geH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾éH-yeti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gaˀi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaˀi-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaˀi-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic forms received a “*-d⁽ʰ⁾-” enlargement."
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gáHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गायति",
"t": "he sings",
"tr": "gā́yati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गायति (gā́yati, “he sings”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गायति (gā́yati, “he sings”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "žʾy"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (žʾy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (žʾy), [script needed] (jʾy, “to speak, talk”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "жойак",
"tr": "žoyak"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: жойак (žoyak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: жойак (žoyak), [script needed] (žóyta, “to read, singl to study”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"tr": "γ̆ay-"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: [script needed] (γ̆ay-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: [script needed] (γ̆ay-), [script needed] (γ̆ayd, “to call”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"tr": "žāy-"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: [script needed] (žāy-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: [script needed] (žāy-) / [script needed] (išt-), [script needed] (žāy-) / [script needed] (št-, “to say, speak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ḗH-s- ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾éH-s- (*s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáHsi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHsi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gáHsi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHsi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गासि",
"tr": "gā́si"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गासि (gā́si)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गासि (gā́si)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾eHtH-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gaHtʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gaHtʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gaHtʰás, *gaHtʰáH"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gaHtʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gaHtʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gaHtʰás, *gaHtʰáH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गाथ (gāthá), गाथा (gāthā́) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gaHθáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gaHθáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gaHθáh, *gaHθáH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "gāha-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gāha-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gāha-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾éH-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHtram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáHtram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (bər^əzigāθra, “singing high”), 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (fragāθra, “singing out”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾iH-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*giHtás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *giHtás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *giHtás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*giHtás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *giHtás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *giHtás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गीत",
"tr": "gītá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गीत (gītá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गीत (gītá) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾eh₂-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/geH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sing"
],
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cry"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "geH-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.