See g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ge-g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *ge-g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (reduplicated root stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰagáldʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagáldʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagáldʰa ~ *ǰagr̥dʰā́r"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́agáldʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agáldʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agáldʰa ~ *ȷ́agr̥dʰā́r"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जागृधुर्",
"pos": "3pl.act.",
"t": "are greedy",
"tr": "jāgṛdhúr"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जागृधुर् (jāgṛdhúr, “are greedy”, 3pl.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जागृधुर् (jāgṛdhúr, “are greedy”, 3pl.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (root stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáldʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáldʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáldʰa ~ *gr̥dʰā́r"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gálda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gálda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gálda ~ *gr̥dā́r"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*wigálda",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wigálda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *wi-"
},
"expansion": "(+ *wi-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wigálda ~ *wigr̥dā́r (+ *wi-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "غوښتل",
"tr": "ǧoẍtël"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: غوښتل (ǧoẍtël)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: غوښتل (ǧoẍtël) (غواړي (ǧwâṛí, 3sg.pres.act.))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-éh₁ye-ti (reduplicated root stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gil̃dḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gil̃dḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gil̃dḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьlděti",
"t": "to desire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žьlděti (“to desire”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žьlděti (“to desire”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ét (root thematic aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hágr̥dʰat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágr̥dʰat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágr̥dʰat"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hágr̥dʰat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hágr̥dʰat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hágr̥dʰat"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अगृधत्",
"t": "has become greedy",
"tr": "ágṛdhat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अगृधत् (ágṛdhat, “has become greedy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अगृधत् (ágṛdhat, “has become greedy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ĺ̥dʰ-ye-ti (zero-grade ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gŕ̥dʰyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gŕ̥dʰyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृध्यति",
"t": "to be greedy",
"tr": "gṛ́dhyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृध्यति (gṛ́dhyati, “to be greedy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृध्यति (gṛ́dhyati, “to be greedy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾oldʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*galdás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galdás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galdás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gȏldъ",
"t": "hunger"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gȏldъ (“hunger”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gȏldъ (“hunger”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥dʰrás",
"t": "greedy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥dʰrás (“greedy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥dʰrás (“greedy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥dʰrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰrás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृध्र",
"tr": "gṛ́dhra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥dráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *gərᵊδra"
},
"expansion": "(< *gərᵊδra)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa) (< *gərᵊδra)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be greedy, hungry"
],
"id": "en-g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ--ine-pro-root-XBbc6tKc",
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
],
[
"hungry",
"hungry"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"David Neil MacKenzie",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Nicholas Sims-Williams",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ge-g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *ge-g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (reduplicated root stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰagáldʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagáldʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagáldʰa ~ *ǰagr̥dʰā́r"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́agáldʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agáldʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agáldʰa ~ *ȷ́agr̥dʰā́r"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जागृधुर्",
"pos": "3pl.act.",
"t": "are greedy",
"tr": "jāgṛdhúr"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जागृधुर् (jāgṛdhúr, “are greedy”, 3pl.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जागृधुर् (jāgṛdhúr, “are greedy”, 3pl.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (root stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáldʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáldʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáldʰa ~ *gr̥dʰā́r"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gálda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gálda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gálda ~ *gr̥dā́r"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*wigálda",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wigálda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *wi-"
},
"expansion": "(+ *wi-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wigálda ~ *wigr̥dā́r (+ *wi-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "غوښتل",
"tr": "ǧoẍtël"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: غوښتل (ǧoẍtël)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: غوښتل (ǧoẍtël) (غواړي (ǧwâṛí, 3sg.pres.act.))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-éh₁ye-ti (reduplicated root stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gil̃dḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gil̃dḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gil̃dḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьlděti",
"t": "to desire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žьlděti (“to desire”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žьlděti (“to desire”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ét (root thematic aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hágr̥dʰat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágr̥dʰat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágr̥dʰat"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hágr̥dʰat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hágr̥dʰat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hágr̥dʰat"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अगृधत्",
"t": "has become greedy",
"tr": "ágṛdhat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अगृधत् (ágṛdhat, “has become greedy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अगृधत् (ágṛdhat, “has become greedy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ĺ̥dʰ-ye-ti (zero-grade ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gŕ̥dʰyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gŕ̥dʰyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gŕ̥dʰyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृध्यति",
"t": "to be greedy",
"tr": "gṛ́dhyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृध्यति (gṛ́dhyati, “to be greedy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृध्यति (gṛ́dhyati, “to be greedy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾oldʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*galdás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galdás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galdás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gȏldъ",
"t": "hunger"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gȏldъ (“hunger”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gȏldъ (“hunger”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥dʰrás",
"t": "greedy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥dʰrás (“greedy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥dʰrás (“greedy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥dʰrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰrás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰrás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृध्र",
"tr": "gṛ́dhra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥dráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *gərᵊδra"
},
"expansion": "(< *gərᵊδra)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa) (< *gərᵊδra)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to be greedy, hungry"
],
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
],
[
"hungry",
"hungry"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"David Neil MacKenzie",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Nicholas Sims-Williams",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.