See gʷewH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-é-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*guHáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*guHáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गुवति",
"t": "to defecate",
"tr": "guváti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गुवति (guváti, “to defecate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गुवति (guváti, “to defecate”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷówH-dʰro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bowdrom",
"t": "filth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bowdrom (“filth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bowdrom (“filth”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*bʉdr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *bʉdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *bʉdr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "budyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: budyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: budyr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "budr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: budr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: budr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "buaidir",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle Irish: buaidir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle Irish: buaidir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷowH-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*gawāˀ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*govà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *govà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *govà"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*govьno",
"der": "1",
"t": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govьno (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-ьno"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-ьno)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govьno (“excrement”) (+ *-ьno) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*gaviti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gaviti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gaviti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "огавити"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: огавити (ogaviti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: огавити (ogaviti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гаведь",
"3": "гаведный"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гаведь (gavedʹ), гаведный (gavednyj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "dialectal Russian: гаведь (gavedʹ), гаведный (gavednyj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "gabiti",
"3": "ogaba",
"4": "ogaben",
"alt": "gabiti se"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: gabiti se, ogaba, ogaben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: gabiti se, ogaba, ogaben"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "ohava"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: ohava",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: ohava (noun), ohavný (adjective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bowā",
"t": "filth, excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bowā (“filth, excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bowā (“filth, excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*guHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*guHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गून",
"t": "defecated",
"tr": "gūná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गून (gūná, “defecated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गून (gūná, “defecated”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*guHnáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *guHnáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *guHnáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "*gūṃ"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: *gūṃ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: *gūṃ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"der": "1",
"t": "unpolluted",
"tr": "agūṃ"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (agūṃ, “unpolluted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (agūṃ, “unpolluted”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-tHó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*guHtʰás",
"t": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHtʰás (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHtʰás (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-tó-s, *gʷweH-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կու"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: կու (ku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: կու (ku), կոյ (koy, “excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt1": "*kwādaz",
"alt2": "*kwēdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwādaz, *kwēdaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwādaz, *kwēdaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwād",
"t": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwād (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwād (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to defecate"
],
"id": "en-gʷewH--ine-pro-root--7oC01Ui",
"links": [
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ǵʰed-"
},
{
"word": "*kakka-"
},
{
"word": "*kerd-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷewH-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-é-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*guHáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*guHáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गुवति",
"t": "to defecate",
"tr": "guváti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गुवति (guváti, “to defecate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गुवति (guváti, “to defecate”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷówH-dʰro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bowdrom",
"t": "filth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bowdrom (“filth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bowdrom (“filth”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*bʉdr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *bʉdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *bʉdr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "budyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: budyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: budyr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "budr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: budr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: budr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "buaidir",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Middle Irish: buaidir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Middle Irish: buaidir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷowH-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*gawāˀ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*govà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *govà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *govà"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*govьno",
"der": "1",
"t": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govьno (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-ьno"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-ьno)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govьno (“excrement”) (+ *-ьno) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*gaviti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gaviti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gaviti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "огавити"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: огавити (ogaviti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: огавити (ogaviti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гаведь",
"3": "гаведный"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гаведь (gavedʹ), гаведный (gavednyj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "dialectal Russian: гаведь (gavedʹ), гаведный (gavednyj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "gabiti",
"3": "ogaba",
"4": "ogaben",
"alt": "gabiti se"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: gabiti se, ogaba, ogaben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: gabiti se, ogaba, ogaben"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "ohava"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: ohava",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: ohava (noun), ohavný (adjective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bowā",
"t": "filth, excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bowā (“filth, excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bowā (“filth, excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*guHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*guHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गून",
"t": "defecated",
"tr": "gūná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गून (gūná, “defecated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गून (gūná, “defecated”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*guHnáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *guHnáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *guHnáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "*gūṃ"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: *gūṃ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: *gūṃ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"der": "1",
"t": "unpolluted",
"tr": "agūṃ"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (agūṃ, “unpolluted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (agūṃ, “unpolluted”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-tHó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*guHtʰás",
"t": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHtʰás (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHtʰás (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷuH-tó-s, *gʷweH-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կու"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: կու (ku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: կու (ku), կոյ (koy, “excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt1": "*kwādaz",
"alt2": "*kwēdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwādaz, *kwēdaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwādaz, *kwēdaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kwād",
"t": "excrement"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwād (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwād (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to defecate"
],
"links": [
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ǵʰed-"
},
{
"word": "*kakka-"
},
{
"word": "*kerd-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷewH-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷewH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.