See gʷerh₃- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷérh₃-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gerˀtei",
"t": "to glut; to drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei (“to glut; to drink”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei (“to glut; to drink”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*engranti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *engranti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *engranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hangër"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: hangër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: hangër (Gheg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngrënë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ngrënë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past participles of ha"
},
"expansion": "(past participles of ha)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ngrënë, ngranë (Tosk) (past participles of ha)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եկեր",
"pos": "3sg."
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: եկեր (eker, 3sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: եկեր (eker, 3sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-epc",
"2": "ἔβρως",
"pos": "2sg.aor."
},
"expansion": "Epic Greek: ἔβρως (ébrōs, 2sg.aor.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with generalized zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "(with generalized zero-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Epic Greek: ἔβρως (ébrōs, 2sg.aor.) (with generalized zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गरन्",
"pos": "3pl.inj.act."
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गरन् (garan, 3pl.inj.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thematized from strong stem"
},
"expansion": "(thematized from strong stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गरन् (garan, 3pl.inj.act.) (thematized from strong stem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰagárHa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagárHa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagárHa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́agárHa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agárHa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agárHa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जगार",
"tr": "jagā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷorh₃-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*gʷorō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷorō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or denominal from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"itc-pro\">*gʷorā</i> < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*gʷorh₃-éh₂</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or denominal from *gʷorā < *gʷorh₃-éh₂)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷorō (or denominal from *gʷorā < *gʷorh₃-éh₂)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vorō",
"t": "to swallow, devour",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-é-ti (\"tudati\"-type thematic root)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Háti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Háti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गिरति",
"tr": "giráti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गिरति (giráti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गिरति (giráti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"t": "to swallow down",
"tr": "n-ɣr-"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (n-ɣr-, “to swallow down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (n-ɣr-, “to swallow down”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-néh₂-ti (neh₂-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt": "*kurrōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kurrōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kurrōną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kwerraną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to devour, glut",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour, glut”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour, glut”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*gʷrṓskō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrṓskō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrṓskō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"alt": "*βρώσκω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *βρώσκω (*brṓskō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">ἀναβρώσκων</i> (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation"
},
"expansion": "(as in ἀναβρώσκων (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *βρώσκω (*brṓskō) (as in ἀναβρώσκων (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βιβρώσκω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to eat, digest",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷérh₃-tlo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gerˀtlá",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlá (“throat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlá (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷorh₃-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gʷorā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βορά",
"t": "fodder"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*garáH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*garáH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गरा",
"tr": "garā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷórh₃-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gʷóros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βόρος",
"t": "swallowing"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷorh₃-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կեր"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: կեր (ker)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: կեր (ker)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*garHás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*garHás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गर",
"t": "fluid, beverage",
"tr": "gará"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կոկորդ",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: կոկորդ (kokord, “throat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: կոկորդ (kokord, “throat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*engranti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *engranti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *engranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngrënë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ngrënë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ngrënë"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hangër",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: hangër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: hangër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Hnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Hnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गीर्ण",
"t": "swallowed, devoured",
"tr": "gīrṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गीर्ण (gīrṇá, “swallowed, devoured”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गीर्ण (gīrṇá, “swallowed, devoured”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-tló-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"alt": "*gritlā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *gritlā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *gritlā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grellë",
"t": "deep place",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gúrˀtla",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtla (“throat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtla (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gìrtas",
"t": "drunk, intoxicated"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gìrtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gìrtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρωτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βρωτός (brōtós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βρωτός (brōtós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋",
"g": "f",
"pos": "nom./acc.pl.",
"t": "throats"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋 f (garō, “throats”, nom./acc.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋 f (garō, “throats”, nom./acc.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨",
"pos": "acc.sg.",
"t": "who swallows horses"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (aspōgar^əm, “who swallows horses”, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (aspōgar^əm, “who swallows horses”, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गॄ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गॄ (gṝ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गॄ (gṝ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to swallow, devour, eat"
],
"id": "en-gʷerh₃--ine-pro-root-q4-OJXtz",
"links": [
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
],
[
"devour",
"devour"
],
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷerh₃-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷérh₃-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gerˀtei",
"t": "to glut; to drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei (“to glut; to drink”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei (“to glut; to drink”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*engranti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *engranti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *engranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hangër"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: hangër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: hangër (Gheg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngrënë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ngrënë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past participles of ha"
},
"expansion": "(past participles of ha)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ngrënë, ngranë (Tosk) (past participles of ha)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եկեր",
"pos": "3sg."
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: եկեր (eker, 3sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: եկեր (eker, 3sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-epc",
"2": "ἔβρως",
"pos": "2sg.aor."
},
"expansion": "Epic Greek: ἔβρως (ébrōs, 2sg.aor.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with generalized zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "(with generalized zero-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Epic Greek: ἔβρως (ébrōs, 2sg.aor.) (with generalized zero-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गरन्",
"pos": "3pl.inj.act."
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गरन् (garan, 3pl.inj.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thematized from strong stem"
},
"expansion": "(thematized from strong stem)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गरन् (garan, 3pl.inj.act.) (thematized from strong stem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰagárHa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagárHa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagárHa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́agárHa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agárHa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agárHa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जगार",
"tr": "jagā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷorh₃-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*gʷorō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷorō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or denominal from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"itc-pro\">*gʷorā</i> < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*gʷorh₃-éh₂</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or denominal from *gʷorā < *gʷorh₃-éh₂)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷorō (or denominal from *gʷorā < *gʷorh₃-éh₂)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vorō",
"t": "to swallow, devour",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-é-ti (\"tudati\"-type thematic root)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Háti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Háti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गिरति",
"tr": "giráti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गिरति (giráti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गिरति (giráti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"t": "to swallow down",
"tr": "n-ɣr-"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (n-ɣr-, “to swallow down”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (n-ɣr-, “to swallow down”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-néh₂-ti (neh₂-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt": "*kurrōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kurrōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kurrōną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kwerraną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to devour, glut",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour, glut”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour, glut”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*gʷrṓskō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrṓskō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrṓskō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"alt": "*βρώσκω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *βρώσκω (*brṓskō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">ἀναβρώσκων</i> (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation"
},
"expansion": "(as in ἀναβρώσκων (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *βρώσκω (*brṓskō) (as in ἀναβρώσκων (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βιβρώσκω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to eat, digest",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷérh₃-tlo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gerˀtlá",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlá (“throat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlá (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷorh₃-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gʷorā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βορά",
"t": "fodder"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*garáH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*garáH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गरा",
"tr": "garā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷórh₃-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gʷóros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βόρος",
"t": "swallowing"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷorh₃-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կեր"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: կեր (ker)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: կեր (ker)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*garHás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*garHás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गर",
"t": "fluid, beverage",
"tr": "gará"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "կոկորդ",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: կոկորդ (kokord, “throat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: կոկորդ (kokord, “throat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*engranti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *engranti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *engranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngrënë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ngrënë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ngrënë"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hangër",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: hangër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: hangër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Hnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Hnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गीर्ण",
"t": "swallowed, devoured",
"tr": "gīrṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गीर्ण (gīrṇá, “swallowed, devoured”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गीर्ण (gīrṇá, “swallowed, devoured”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-tló-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"alt": "*gritlā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *gritlā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u̯"
},
"expansion": "^(u̯)",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *gritlā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grellë",
"t": "deep place",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gúrˀtla",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtla (“throat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtla (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷr̥h₃-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gìrtas",
"t": "drunk, intoxicated"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gìrtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gìrtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρωτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: βρωτός (brōtós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: βρωτός (brōtós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋",
"g": "f",
"pos": "nom./acc.pl.",
"t": "throats"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋 f (garō, “throats”, nom./acc.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋 f (garō, “throats”, nom./acc.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨",
"pos": "acc.sg.",
"t": "who swallows horses"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (aspōgar^əm, “who swallows horses”, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (aspōgar^əm, “who swallows horses”, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गॄ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गॄ (gṝ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गॄ (gṝ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to swallow, devour, eat"
],
"links": [
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
],
[
"devour",
"devour"
],
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷerh₃-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷerh₃- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (14.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.