"gʷʰen-" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See gʷʰen- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Root

  1. to strike, slay, kill Wikipedia link: Helmut Rix, Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben Tags: imperfective, morpheme, reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-ti"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰn-énti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Latin",
                  "lang_code": "la",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "dēfendō"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Latin",
                  "lang_code": "la",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "offendō"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "word": "*fendō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*fendō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-dʰh₁e-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Albanian",
              "lang_code": "sq",
              "sense": "to hunt",
              "word": "gjuaj"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Albanian",
          "lang_code": "sqj-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*gānja"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "roman": "ǰnǰem",
              "word": "ջնջեմ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hyx-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latvian",
              "lang_code": "lv",
              "word": "dzenêt"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lithuanian",
              "lang_code": "lt",
              "sense": "to lop, to trim",
              "word": "genė́ti"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
              "lang_code": "sla-pro",
              "word": "*žę̀ti"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*genˀtei"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "roman": "theínō",
              "sense": "to strike",
              "word": "θείνω"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro",
          "word": "*kʷʰéňňō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-ye-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Irish",
              "lang_code": "sga",
              "word": "geguin"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "roman": "péphatai",
              "word": "πέφαται"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰagʰā́na"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰagʰnŕ̥š"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰón-e ~ gʷʰe-gʷʰn-ḗr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Hittite",
              "lang_code": "hit",
              "roman": "ku-aš-ke-",
              "word": "𒆪𒀸𒆠-"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Hittite",
              "lang_code": "hit",
              "roman": "ku-wa-aš-ke-",
              "word": "𒆪𒉿𒀸𒆠-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
          "lang_code": "ine-ana-pro",
          "word": "*gʷənsḱéti"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian B",
              "lang_code": "txb",
              "word": "käsk-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
          "word": "*käsk-"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰn̥-sḱé-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*gánīˀtei"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰon-éye-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "roman": "épephnon",
              "sense": "to slay",
              "word": "ἔπεφνον"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro",
          "word": "*kʷʰékʷʰnon"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "nijaγnəṇte",
                  "word": "𐬥𐬌𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "auuajaγnat̰",
                  "word": "𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀𐬝"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰágnat"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰágʰnat"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰé-gʷʰn-e-t"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-ti-s"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "striking, beating",
      "word": "*gʷʰn̥-téy-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "hantṛ",
                  "sense": "killer, slayer",
                  "word": "हन्तृ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*źʰantā́"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaṇtar",
                  "sense": "one who strikes",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬭"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Old Persian",
                  "lang_code": "peo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰantā́"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰantā́"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
                  "lang_code": "ira-pro",
                  "sense": "poison",
                  "word": "*ǰaθráH"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "iir-pro",
              "word": "*ǰʰatráH"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "unknown",
          "lang_code": "ine-pro",
          "word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-éh₂"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
                  "lang_code": "ira-pro",
                  "sense": "thorn, prickle",
                  "word": "*ǰaθríH"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "iir-pro",
              "word": "*ǰʰatríH"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "unknown",
          "lang_code": "ine-pro",
          "word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-íh₂"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "one who strikes, kills",
      "word": "*gʷʰén-tōr ~ *gʷʰn̥-tr-és"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro",
          "word": "*kʷʰətós"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰatás"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "slain, killed",
      "word": "*gʷʰn̥-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-o-s"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰon-ó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "cleared path; battlefield",
          "word": "*banō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰon-éh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro",
          "word": "*gʷoni"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-i ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "roman": "gan",
              "word": "գան"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "roman": "ganem",
              "word": "գանեմ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hy"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-i-s ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "murderer",
          "word": "*banô"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-ō"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "wound",
          "word": "*banjō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-yeh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Sanskrit",
              "lang_code": "sa",
              "roman": "han",
              "sense": "to kill",
              "word": "हन्"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "lang_code": "inc-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Persian",
              "lang_code": "fa",
              "roman": "zan",
              "sense": "strike, beat",
              "word": "زَن"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "ira-pro",
          "word": "*ǰan-"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
      "lang_code": "iir-pro",
      "word": "*ǰʰan-"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰen-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to strike, slay, kill"
      ],
      "id": "en-gʷʰen--ine-pro-root-oAMoNl0V",
      "links": [
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "slay",
          "slay"
        ],
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Helmut Rix",
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gʷʰen-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-ti"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰn-énti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Latin",
                  "lang_code": "la",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "dēfendō"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Latin",
                  "lang_code": "la",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                  ],
                  "word": "offendō"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "word": "*fendō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*fendō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-dʰh₁e-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Albanian",
              "lang_code": "sq",
              "sense": "to hunt",
              "word": "gjuaj"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Albanian",
          "lang_code": "sqj-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "*gānja"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "roman": "ǰnǰem",
              "word": "ջնջեմ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hyx-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latvian",
              "lang_code": "lv",
              "word": "dzenêt"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lithuanian",
              "lang_code": "lt",
              "sense": "to lop, to trim",
              "word": "genė́ti"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
              "lang_code": "sla-pro",
              "word": "*žę̀ti"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*genˀtei"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "roman": "theínō",
              "sense": "to strike",
              "word": "θείνω"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro",
          "word": "*kʷʰéňňō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-ye-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Irish",
              "lang_code": "sga",
              "word": "geguin"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "roman": "péphatai",
              "word": "πέφαται"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰagʰā́na"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghā́na",
                  "word": "जघान"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "jaghnúr",
                  "word": "जघ्नुर्"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagā́na"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaγnuuāh",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰagʰnŕ̥š"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰón-e ~ gʷʰe-gʷʰn-ḗr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Hittite",
              "lang_code": "hit",
              "roman": "ku-aš-ke-",
              "word": "𒆪𒀸𒆠-"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Hittite",
              "lang_code": "hit",
              "roman": "ku-wa-aš-ke-",
              "word": "𒆪𒉿𒀸𒆠-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
          "lang_code": "ine-ana-pro",
          "word": "*gʷənsḱéti"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Tocharian B",
              "lang_code": "txb",
              "word": "käsk-"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
          "word": "*käsk-"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰn̥-sḱé-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
          "word": "*gánīˀtei"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰon-éye-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "roman": "épephnon",
              "sense": "to slay",
              "word": "ἔπεφνον"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro",
          "word": "*kʷʰékʷʰnon"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "nijaγnəṇte",
                  "word": "𐬥𐬌𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "auuajaγnat̰",
                  "word": "𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀𐬝"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰágnat"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰágʰnat"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰé-gʷʰn-e-t"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰén-ti-s"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "striking, beating",
      "word": "*gʷʰn̥-téy-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "hantṛ",
                  "sense": "killer, slayer",
                  "word": "हन्तृ"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*źʰantā́"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "jaṇtar",
                  "sense": "one who strikes",
                  "word": "𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬭"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Old Persian",
                  "lang_code": "peo"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*ǰantā́"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰantā́"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
                  "lang_code": "ira-pro",
                  "sense": "poison",
                  "word": "*ǰaθráH"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "iir-pro",
              "word": "*ǰʰatráH"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "unknown",
          "lang_code": "ine-pro",
          "word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-éh₂"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
                  "lang_code": "ira-pro",
                  "sense": "thorn, prickle",
                  "word": "*ǰaθríH"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "iir-pro",
              "word": "*ǰʰatríH"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "unknown",
          "lang_code": "ine-pro",
          "word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-íh₂"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "one who strikes, kills",
      "word": "*gʷʰén-tōr ~ *gʷʰn̥-tr-és"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "lang_code": "grk-pro",
          "word": "*kʷʰətós"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*ǰʰatás"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "slain, killed",
      "word": "*gʷʰn̥-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-o-s"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰon-ó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "cleared path; battlefield",
          "word": "*banō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰon-éh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
          "lang_code": "cel-pro",
          "word": "*gʷoni"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-i ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "roman": "gan",
              "word": "գան"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old Armenian",
              "lang_code": "xcl",
              "roman": "ganem",
              "word": "գանեմ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hy"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-i-s ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "murderer",
          "word": "*banô"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-ō"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "sense": "wound",
          "word": "*banjō"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*gʷʰón-yeh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Sanskrit",
              "lang_code": "sa",
              "roman": "han",
              "sense": "to kill",
              "word": "हन्"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "lang_code": "inc-pro"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Persian",
              "lang_code": "fa",
              "roman": "zan",
              "sense": "strike, beat",
              "word": "زَن"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "ira-pro",
          "word": "*ǰan-"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
      "lang_code": "iir-pro",
      "word": "*ǰʰan-"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰen-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European roots"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to strike, slay, kill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "slay",
          "slay"
        ],
        [
          "kill",
          "kill"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Helmut Rix",
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gʷʰen-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gʷʰen- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (9.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.