See gʷʰen- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-ti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰn-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dēfendō"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "offendō"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "*fendō"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*fendō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-dʰh₁e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to hunt",
"word": "gjuaj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*gānja"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰnǰem",
"word": "ջնջեմ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "dzenêt"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "to lop, to trim",
"word": "genė́ti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*žę̀ti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*genˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "theínō",
"sense": "to strike",
"word": "θείνω"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰéňňō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-ye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "geguin"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "péphatai",
"word": "πέφαται"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰagʰā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰagʰnŕ̥š"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰón-e ~ gʷʰe-gʷʰn-ḗr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"roman": "ku-aš-ke-",
"word": "𒆪𒀸𒆠-"
},
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"roman": "ku-wa-aš-ke-",
"word": "𒆪𒉿𒀸𒆠-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
"lang_code": "ine-ana-pro",
"word": "*gʷənsḱéti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "käsk-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*käsk-"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰn̥-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gánīˀtei"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰon-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "épephnon",
"sense": "to slay",
"word": "ἔπεφνον"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰékʷʰnon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "nijaγnəṇte",
"word": "𐬥𐬌𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈"
},
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "auuajaγnat̰",
"word": "𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀𐬝"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰágnat"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰágʰnat"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰé-gʷʰn-e-t"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-ti-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "striking, beating",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥-téy-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "hantṛ",
"sense": "killer, slayer",
"word": "हन्तृ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰantā́"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaṇtar",
"sense": "one who strikes",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬭"
},
{
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰantā́"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰantā́"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "poison",
"word": "*ǰaθráH"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰatráH"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-éh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "thorn, prickle",
"word": "*ǰaθríH"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰatríH"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-íh₂"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "one who strikes, kills",
"word": "*gʷʰén-tōr ~ *gʷʰn̥-tr-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰətós"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰatás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "slain, killed",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥-tó-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-o-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰon-ó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "cleared path; battlefield",
"word": "*banō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰon-éh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷoni"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-i ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "gan",
"word": "գան"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ganem",
"word": "գանեմ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-i-s ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "murderer",
"word": "*banô"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-ō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "wound",
"word": "*banjō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-yeh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "han",
"sense": "to kill",
"word": "हन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "zan",
"sense": "strike, beat",
"word": "زَن"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰan-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰan-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰen-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strike, slay, kill"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰen--ine-pro-root-oAMoNl0V",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"slay",
"slay"
],
[
"kill",
"kill"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰen-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-ti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰn-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dēfendō"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "offendō"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "*fendō"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*fendō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-dʰh₁e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to hunt",
"word": "gjuaj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*gānja"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰnǰem",
"word": "ջնջեմ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "dzenêt"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "to lop, to trim",
"word": "genė́ti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*žę̀ti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*genˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "theínō",
"sense": "to strike",
"word": "θείνω"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰéňňō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-ye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "geguin"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "péphatai",
"word": "πέφαται"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰagʰā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghā́na",
"word": "जघान"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jaghnúr",
"word": "जघ्नुर्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́agʰnŕ̥ṣ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagā́na"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaγnuuāh",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰagnŕ̥š"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰagʰnŕ̥š"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰón-e ~ gʷʰe-gʷʰn-ḗr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"roman": "ku-aš-ke-",
"word": "𒆪𒀸𒆠-"
},
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"roman": "ku-wa-aš-ke-",
"word": "𒆪𒉿𒀸𒆠-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
"lang_code": "ine-ana-pro",
"word": "*gʷənsḱéti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "käsk-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*käsk-"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰn̥-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gánīˀtei"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰon-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "épephnon",
"sense": "to slay",
"word": "ἔπεφνον"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰékʷʰnon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "nijaγnəṇte",
"word": "𐬥𐬌𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬈"
},
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "auuajaγnat̰",
"word": "𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀𐬝"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰágnat"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰágʰnat"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰé-gʷʰn-e-t"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰén-ti-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "striking, beating",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥-téy-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "hantṛ",
"sense": "killer, slayer",
"word": "हन्तृ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰantā́"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "jaṇtar",
"sense": "one who strikes",
"word": "𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬭"
},
{
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰantā́"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰantā́"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "poison",
"word": "*ǰaθráH"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰatráH"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-éh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "thorn, prickle",
"word": "*ǰaθríH"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰatríH"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥tr-íh₂"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "one who strikes, kills",
"word": "*gʷʰén-tōr ~ *gʷʰn̥-tr-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰətós"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰatás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "slain, killed",
"word": "*gʷʰn̥-tó-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-o-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰon-ó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "cleared path; battlefield",
"word": "*banō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰon-éh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷoni"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-i ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "gan",
"word": "գան"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ganem",
"word": "գանեմ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-i-s ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "murderer",
"word": "*banô"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-ō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "wound",
"word": "*banjō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰón-yeh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "han",
"sense": "to kill",
"word": "हन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "zan",
"sense": "strike, beat",
"word": "زَن"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰan-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰan-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰen-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to strike, slay, kill"
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"slay",
"slay"
],
[
"kill",
"kill"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰen-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷʰen- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (9.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.