See gʷʰedʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰédʰ-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰodʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰādʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰādʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰādʰáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gādáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gādáyati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰ-ne-dʰ- ~ *gʷʰ-n̥-dʰ- (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gend-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gend-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gend-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gedáuti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gedáuti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gedáuti, gedė́ti, pasigèsti (“to miss”) (1p. pres. pasigendù)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žę̄dàti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žę̄dàti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žę̄dàti, *žęďati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰédʰ-ti-s ~ *gʷʰdʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷeddis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷeddis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷeddis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gweddi"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: gweddi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: gweddi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "geiss",
"gloss": "curse, taboo"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: geiss (“curse, taboo”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: geiss (“curse, taboo”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "geis"
},
"expansion": "Irish: geis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: geis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰedʰ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bedō",
"t": "request, plea"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bedō (“request, plea”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bedō (“request, plea”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰedʰ-yeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷedyā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷedyā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷedyā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "guide",
"t": "prayer"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: guide (“prayer”)\nIrish: guí\nManx: gwee (“curse, imprecation”)\nScottish Gaelic: guidhe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: guide (“prayer”)\nIrish: guí\nManx: gwee (“curse, imprecation”)\nScottish Gaelic: guidhe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰodʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गाध",
"t": "desire, cupidity"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गाध (gādha, “desire, cupidity”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in glossaries"
},
"expansion": "(only in glossaries)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गाध (gādha, “desire, cupidity”) (only in glossaries)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόθος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόθος (póthos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόθος (póthos)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գոթի",
"gloss": "worship, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գոթի (gotʻi, “worship, sorcery”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գոթի (gotʻi, “worship, sorcery”) (?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ποθή (pothḗ), ποθέω (pothéō), θέσσασθαι (théssasthai) (< gʷʰedʰ-s-)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰedʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to request, pray, ask for"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰedʰ--ine-pro-root-pZYwPikM",
"links": [
[
"request",
"request"
],
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰedʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰédʰ-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰodʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰādʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰādʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰādʰáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gādáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gādáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gādáyati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰ-ne-dʰ- ~ *gʷʰ-n̥-dʰ- (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gend-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gend-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gend-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gedáuti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gedáuti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gedáuti, gedė́ti, pasigèsti (“to miss”) (1p. pres. pasigendù)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žę̄dàti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *žę̄dàti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *žę̄dàti, *žęďati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰédʰ-ti-s ~ *gʷʰdʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷeddis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷeddis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷeddis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gweddi"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: gweddi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: gweddi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "geiss",
"gloss": "curse, taboo"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: geiss (“curse, taboo”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: geiss (“curse, taboo”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "geis"
},
"expansion": "Irish: geis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: geis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰedʰ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bedō",
"t": "request, plea"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bedō (“request, plea”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bedō (“request, plea”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰedʰ-yeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷedyā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷedyā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷedyā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "guide",
"t": "prayer"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: guide (“prayer”)\nIrish: guí\nManx: gwee (“curse, imprecation”)\nScottish Gaelic: guidhe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: guide (“prayer”)\nIrish: guí\nManx: gwee (“curse, imprecation”)\nScottish Gaelic: guidhe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰodʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गाध",
"t": "desire, cupidity"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गाध (gādha, “desire, cupidity”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in glossaries"
},
"expansion": "(only in glossaries)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गाध (gādha, “desire, cupidity”) (only in glossaries)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόθος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόθος (póthos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόθος (póthos)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գոթի",
"gloss": "worship, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գոթի (gotʻi, “worship, sorcery”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գոթի (gotʻi, “worship, sorcery”) (?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "ποθή (pothḗ), ποθέω (pothéō), θέσσασθαι (théssasthai) (< gʷʰedʰ-s-)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰedʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to request, pray, ask for"
],
"links": [
[
"request",
"request"
],
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰedʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷʰedʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.