See gʰreh₁- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gʰreh₁- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰroh₁-(y)e-ti (o-grade present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰroh₁-ni-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōniz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōniz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰreh₁-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*grēˀnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grēˀnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grēˀnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grěnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *grěnъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *grěnъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰreh₁-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grēwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grēwaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grēwaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥h₁-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rāvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: rāvus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: rāvus, grāvastellus (or from *ǵerh₂-?) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰréh₁-mn̥ ~ *gʰr̥h₁-mén-s or perhaps *gʰréh₁-s-mn̥ ~ *gʰr̥h₁-s-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*grāmen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *grāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *grāmen or *grazmen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grāmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grāmen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰreh₁-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grēdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grēdaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grēdaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grǣd"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grǣd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grǣd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"gloss": "grass",
"tr": "kariyant-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kariyant-, “grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kariyant-, “grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "روییدن",
"gloss": "to grow",
"tr": "ru'idan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: روییدن (ru'idan, “to grow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: روییدن (ru'idan, “to grow”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grasą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grasą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grasą (cannot be directly from *gʰr̥h₁-s-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōsō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōsō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*grōsu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *grōsu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *grōsu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grōsa"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grōsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grōsa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grôse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grôse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grôse"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gruosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gruosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gruosa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "groese"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: groese",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: groese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*gruosa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *gruosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *gruosa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gruose"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: gruose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: gruose"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rooho",
"bor": "1",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rooho (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rooho (“grass”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "herba"
},
"expansion": "Latin: herba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: herba"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰreh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grow (of plants?)"
],
"id": "en-gʰreh₁--ine-pro-root-oDjsIGou",
"links": [
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰreh₁-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰroh₁-(y)e-ti (o-grade present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰroh₁-ni-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōniz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōniz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰreh₁-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*grēˀnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grēˀnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grēˀnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grěnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *grěnъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *grěnъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰreh₁-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grēwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grēwaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grēwaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰr̥h₁-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rāvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: rāvus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: rāvus, grāvastellus (or from *ǵerh₂-?) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰréh₁-mn̥ ~ *gʰr̥h₁-mén-s or perhaps *gʰréh₁-s-mn̥ ~ *gʰr̥h₁-s-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*grāmen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *grāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *grāmen or *grazmen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grāmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: grāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: grāmen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰreh₁-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grēdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grēdaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grēdaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grǣd"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grǣd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grǣd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"gloss": "grass",
"tr": "kariyant-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kariyant-, “grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kariyant-, “grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "روییدن",
"gloss": "to grow",
"tr": "ru'idan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: روییدن (ru'idan, “to grow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: روییدن (ru'idan, “to grow”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grasą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grasą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grasą (cannot be directly from *gʰr̥h₁-s-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grōsō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *grōsō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *grōsō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*grōsu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *grōsu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *grōsu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*grōsa"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *grōsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *grōsa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grôse"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: grôse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: grôse"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*gruosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *gruosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *gruosa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "groese"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: groese",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: groese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*gruosa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *gruosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *gruosa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gruose"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: gruose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: gruose"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rooho",
"bor": "1",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rooho (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rooho (“grass”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "herba"
},
"expansion": "Latin: herba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: herba"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰreh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to grow (of plants?)"
],
"links": [
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰreh₁-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.