See gʰel- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for gʰel- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰol-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galiti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *galiti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *galiti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰól-e-ti (o-grade intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*galaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *galaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *galaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*galdraz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galdraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galdraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*galstrą",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galstrą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galstrą"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "galstar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: galstar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: galstar"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "galster"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: galster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: galster"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōlaz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlaz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōlijaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*uzgōlaz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzgōlaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzgōlaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰl̥-néh₂-ti (néh₂-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*galda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *galda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *galda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "galdoj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: galdoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: galdoj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gullōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gullōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gullōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti"
},
"expansion": "(possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*gʰel-n- (possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gellaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gellaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gellaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰel-gʰel-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղգեղեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղգեղեմ (gełgełem)\nArmenian: գեղգեղել (gełgełel)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղգեղեմ (gełgełem)\nArmenian: գեղգեղել (gełgełel)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "to make a musical sound",
"tr": "galgal-ināi-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (galgal-ināi-, “to make a musical sound”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (galgal-ināi-, “to make a musical sound”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰōl-i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galьnъ",
"t": "cared for, pet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *galьnъ (“cared for, pet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *galьnъ (“cared for, pet”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galьba",
"der": "1",
"t": "caress"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *galьba (“caress”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *galьba (“caress”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղօն",
"alt": "գեղ-օն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղ-օն (geł-ōn)\nArmenian: գեղոն (gełon)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղ-օն (geł-ōn)\nArmenian: գեղոն (gełon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greek:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χεῖλος",
"alt": "χεῖλ-ος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χεῖλ-ος (kheîl-os), χῆλος (khêlos) — Doric; χέλλος (khéllos) — Aeolic\nGreek: χείλος (cheílos)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χεῖλ-ος (kheîl-os), χῆλος (khêlos) — Doric; χέλλος (khéllos) — Aeolic\nGreek: χείλος (cheílos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galъ",
"id": "noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *galъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *galъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to call"
],
"id": "en-gʰel--ine-pro-root-SnmE33nV",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to chant"
],
"id": "en-gʰel--ine-pro-root-a3bPygB~",
"links": [
[
"chant",
"chant"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shout"
],
"id": "en-gʰel--ine-pro-root-hUo02y3t",
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gʰel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰol-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galiti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *galiti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *galiti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰól-e-ti (o-grade intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*galaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *galaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *galaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*galdraz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galdraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galdraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*galstrą",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galstrą",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galstrą"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "galstar"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: galstar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: galstar"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "galster"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: galster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: galster"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōlaz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlaz"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōlijaną",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*uzgōlaz",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzgōlaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzgōlaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰl̥-néh₂-ti (néh₂-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*galda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *galda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *galda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "galdoj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: galdoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: galdoj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gullōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gullōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gullōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti"
},
"expansion": "(possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*gʰel-n- (possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gellaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gellaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gellaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰel-gʰel-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղգեղեմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղգեղեմ (gełgełem)\nArmenian: գեղգեղել (gełgełel)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղգեղեմ (gełgełem)\nArmenian: գեղգեղել (gełgełel)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "to make a musical sound",
"tr": "galgal-ināi-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (galgal-ināi-, “to make a musical sound”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (galgal-ināi-, “to make a musical sound”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰōl-i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galьnъ",
"t": "cared for, pet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *galьnъ (“cared for, pet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *galьnъ (“cared for, pet”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galьba",
"der": "1",
"t": "caress"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *galьba (“caress”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *galьba (“caress”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղօն",
"alt": "գեղ-օն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղ-օն (geł-ōn)\nArmenian: գեղոն (gełon)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղ-օն (geł-ōn)\nArmenian: գեղոն (gełon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greek:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χεῖλος",
"alt": "χεῖλ-ος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χεῖλ-ος (kheîl-os), χῆλος (khêlos) — Doric; χέλλος (khéllos) — Aeolic\nGreek: χείλος (cheílos)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χεῖλ-ος (kheîl-os), χῆλος (khêlos) — Doric; χέλλος (khéllos) — Aeolic\nGreek: χείλος (cheílos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*galъ",
"id": "noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *galъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *galъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to call"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to chant"
],
"links": [
[
"chant",
"chant"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shout"
],
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "gʰel-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.