See dwey- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*de-dwóy-e ~ *de-duy-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-lós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δειλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δειλός (deilós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δειλός (deilós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwéy-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δεῖμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δεῖμα (deîma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δεῖμα (deîma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-mós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δειμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δειμός (deimós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δειμός (deimós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-nós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δεινός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δεινός (deinós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δεινός (deinós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwéy-os ~ *dwey-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δέος (déos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δέος (déos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dw(e)y-plo- ~ *dwi-pli-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկիւղ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: երկիւղ (erkiwł)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: երկիւղ (erkiwł)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-rós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*deiros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *deiros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *deiros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dīrus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dīrus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dīrus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-s-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dwáyšas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*erk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian: *erk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian: *erk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: երկն (erkn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: երկն (erkn), երկնեմ (erknem), երկնչիմ (erknčʻim)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dwáyšti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dwáyṣṭi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dwáyṣṭi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dwáyṣṭi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "द्वेष्टि",
"t": "to hate",
"tr": "dvéṣṭi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: द्वेष्टि (dvéṣṭi, “to hate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: द्वेष्टि (dvéṣṭi, “to hate”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dwáyšti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dwáyšti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dwáyšti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈𐬱-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈𐬱- (duuaeš-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈𐬱- (duuaeš-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "byštn'",
"tr": "bištan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: byštn' (bištan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: byštn' (bištan), byš (bēš)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably related to *dwóh₁ (“two”), with sense connection \"two\" > \"ambivalence, second thoughts\" > \"fear\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fear"
],
"id": "en-dwey--ine-pro-root-0R2DUD49",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dwey-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*de-dwóy-e ~ *de-duy-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-lós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δειλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δειλός (deilós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δειλός (deilós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwéy-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δεῖμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δεῖμα (deîma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δεῖμα (deîma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-mós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δειμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δειμός (deimós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δειμός (deimós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-nós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δεινός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δεινός (deinós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δεινός (deinós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwéy-os ~ *dwey-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δέος (déos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δέος (déos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dw(e)y-plo- ~ *dwi-pli-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկիւղ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: երկիւղ (erkiwł)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: երկիւղ (erkiwł)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-rós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*deiros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *deiros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *deiros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dīrus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dīrus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dīrus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dwey-s-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dwáyšas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*erk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian: *erk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian: *erk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: երկն (erkn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: երկն (erkn), երկնեմ (erknem), երկնչիմ (erknčʻim)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dwáyšti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáyšti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dwáyṣṭi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dwáyṣṭi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dwáyṣṭi"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "द्वेष्टि",
"t": "to hate",
"tr": "dvéṣṭi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: द्वेष्टि (dvéṣṭi, “to hate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: द्वेष्टि (dvéṣṭi, “to hate”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dwáyšti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dwáyšti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dwáyšti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈𐬱-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈𐬱- (duuaeš-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈𐬱- (duuaeš-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "byštn'",
"tr": "bištan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: byštn' (bištan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: byštn' (bištan), byš (bēš)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably related to *dwóh₁ (“two”), with sense connection \"two\" > \"ambivalence, second thoughts\" > \"fear\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Fear"
],
"glosses": [
"to fear"
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dwey-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dwey- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.