See dewk- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*déwk-ti ~ * duk-énti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dowk-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*taugijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *taugijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *taugijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-éh₂-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dḗwk-s-t ~ *déwk-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūxī"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dūxī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dūxī"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dúk-s (root noun, in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*duks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *duks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *duks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dux",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dux (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*duk-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ductus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ductus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ductus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*duk-is ~ *duk-éys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-ón-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugô",
"lit": "one who pulls along",
"t": "leader"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugô (“leader”, literally “one who pulls along”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugô (“leader”, literally “one who pulls along”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-dʰló-s or *dewk-elo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugilaz",
"t": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugilaz (“rein”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugilaz (“rein”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-tróm or *dewk-dʰróm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*teudrą",
"t": "tether, drawbar",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *teudrą (“tether, drawbar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *teudrą (“tether, drawbar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dowk-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*taugō",
"t": "cord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *taugō (“cord”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *taugō (“cord”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dowk-mós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*taumaz",
"t": "tie, tether; team; birth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *taumaz (“tie, tether; team; birth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *taumaz (“tie, tether; team; birth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*duk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *duk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *duk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nduk",
"t": "to draw (out), pluck"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nduk (“to draw (out), pluck”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nduk (“to draw (out), pluck”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "tukzi-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (tukzi-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (tukzi-), [script needed] c (tukkanzi-, “cultivation of plants and animals”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: (possibly) δαδύσσομαι (dadússomai, “to be distracted”), (possibly) ἐνδυκέως (endukéōs, “kindly, greedily”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to pull, to draw"
],
"id": "en-dewk--ine-pro-root-EFM3~T4p",
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lead (i.e. to pull behind oneself)"
],
"id": "en-dewk--ine-pro-root-lkyNpFvc",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "dewk-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*déwk-ti ~ * duk-énti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dowk-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*taugijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *taugijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *taugijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-éh₂-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dḗwk-s-t ~ *déwk-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūxī"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dūxī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dūxī"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dúk-s (root noun, in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*duks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *duks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *duks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dux",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dux (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*duk-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ductus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ductus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ductus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*duk-is ~ *duk-éys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-ón-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugô",
"lit": "one who pulls along",
"t": "leader"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugô (“leader”, literally “one who pulls along”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugô (“leader”, literally “one who pulls along”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-dʰló-s or *dewk-elo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tugilaz",
"t": "rein"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tugilaz (“rein”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tugilaz (“rein”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dewk-tróm or *dewk-dʰróm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*teudrą",
"t": "tether, drawbar",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *teudrą (“tether, drawbar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *teudrą (“tether, drawbar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dowk-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*taugō",
"t": "cord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *taugō (“cord”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *taugō (“cord”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dowk-mós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*taumaz",
"t": "tie, tether; team; birth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *taumaz (“tie, tether; team; birth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *taumaz (“tie, tether; team; birth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*duk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *duk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *duk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nduk",
"t": "to draw (out), pluck"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nduk (“to draw (out), pluck”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nduk (“to draw (out), pluck”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "tukzi-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (tukzi-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (tukzi-), [script needed] c (tukkanzi-, “cultivation of plants and animals”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: (possibly) δαδύσσομαι (dadússomai, “to be distracted”), (possibly) ἐνδυκέως (endukéōs, “kindly, greedily”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to pull, to draw"
],
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lead (i.e. to pull behind oneself)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "dewk-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dewk- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.