See dʰers- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dʰers- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥s-néw-ti ~ *dʰr̥s-nú-ti (néw-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*diršnutei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršnutei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršnutei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrznǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrznǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrznǫti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥šnáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šnáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šnáwti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ṣnáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣnáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣnáwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धृष्णोति",
"tr": "dhṛṣṇóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dr̥šnáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥šnáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥šnáwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬲𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (upadaržnuuaⁱṇti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎢𐏁",
"tr": "adaršnauš"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎢𐏁 (adaršnauš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎢𐏁 (adaršnauš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰe-dʰórs-e ~ *dʰe-dʰr̥s-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr-n̥-s-sḱe-ti (innovated nasal+sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drį̃sti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: drį̃sti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: drį̃sti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰérs-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tʰérsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰérsos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰérsos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θάρσος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θάρσος (thársos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θάρσος (thársos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic Greek: θάρρος (thárrhos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aeolic Greek: θέρσος (thérsos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥s-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥štás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥štás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥štás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धृष्ट",
"tr": "dhṛṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धृष्ट (dhṛṣṭá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धृष्ट (dhṛṣṭá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥s-ús"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*diršus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "druošs",
"alt": "drùošs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: drùošs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: drùošs, drùoss"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drąsùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: drąsùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: drąsùs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "dyrsos"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: dyrsos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: dyrsos, dirsos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrzъ",
"t": "bold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrzъ (“bold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrzъ (“bold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tʰrəsús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰrəsús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰrəsús"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρᾰσύς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρᾰσύς (thrasús)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρᾰσύς (thrasús)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥šúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šúš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ṣúṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣúṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣúṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धृषु",
"tr": "dhṛṣú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धृषु (dhṛṣú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धृषु (dhṛṣú)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂en-dʰers-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*ən-darsa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *ən-darsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *ən-darsa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nder"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *dʰer-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be bold, to dare"
],
"id": "en-dʰers--ine-pro-root-H5IERNOM",
"links": [
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰers-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥s-néw-ti ~ *dʰr̥s-nú-ti (néw-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*diršnutei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršnutei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršnutei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrznǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrznǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrznǫti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥šnáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šnáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šnáwti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ṣnáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣnáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣnáwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धृष्णोति",
"tr": "dhṛṣṇóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dr̥šnáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥šnáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥šnáwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬲𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (upadaržnuuaⁱṇti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎢𐏁",
"tr": "adaršnauš"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎢𐏁 (adaršnauš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎢𐏁 (adaršnauš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰe-dʰórs-e ~ *dʰe-dʰr̥s-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr-n̥-s-sḱe-ti (innovated nasal+sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drį̃sti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: drį̃sti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: drį̃sti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰérs-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tʰérsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰérsos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰérsos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θάρσος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θάρσος (thársos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θάρσος (thársos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic Greek: θάρρος (thárrhos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aeolic Greek: θέρσος (thérsos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥s-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥štás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥štás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥štás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धृष्ट",
"tr": "dhṛṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धृष्ट (dhṛṣṭá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धृष्ट (dhṛṣṭá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥s-ús"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*diršus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "druošs",
"alt": "drùošs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: drùošs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: drùošs, drùoss"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drąsùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: drąsùs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: drąsùs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "dyrsos"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: dyrsos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: dyrsos, dirsos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrzъ",
"t": "bold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrzъ (“bold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьrzъ (“bold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tʰrəsús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰrəsús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tʰrəsús"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρᾰσύς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρᾰσύς (thrasús)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρᾰσύς (thrasús)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥šúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šúš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ṣúṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣúṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣúṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धृषु",
"tr": "dhṛṣú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धृषु (dhṛṣú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धृषु (dhṛṣú)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂en-dʰers-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*ən-darsa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *ən-darsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *ən-darsa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "nder"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: nder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: nder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *dʰer-"
],
"glosses": [
"to be bold, to dare"
],
"links": [
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰers-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.