See dʰer- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dʰer- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (12.1kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, robust”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰers- (“to be bold”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰar-",
"t": "hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰar- (“hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰar- (“hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьržati",
"t": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьržati (“hold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьržati (“hold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥-tó ~ dʰr-n̥tó (root medio-passive aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádʰr̥ta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádʰr̥ta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hádʰr̥ta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hádʰr̥ta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अधृत",
"tr": "ádhṛta"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अधृत (ádhṛta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अधृत (ádhṛta), धृथास् (dhṛthā́s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *Hádr̥ta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁",
"pos": "3sg.med.inj."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁 (dər^ətā, 3sg.med.inj.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁 (dər^ətā, 3sg.med.inj.), 𐬛𐬭𐬍𐬙𐬁 (drītā, 3sg.med.opt.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰér-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "deret",
"alt": "derêt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: derêt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: derêt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "derė́ti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: derė́ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: derė́ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰárati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰárati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰárati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰí-dʰer-ti (reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰídʰārti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰídʰārti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰídʰārti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dídʰārti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dídʰārti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dídʰārti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दिधृतम्",
"tr": "didhṛtám"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दिधृतम् (didhṛtám)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दिधृतम् (didhṛtám)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dídarti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dídarti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dídarti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀- (vidiδār^əmna-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰe-dʰór-e ~ *dʰe-dʰr̥-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰādʰártay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰādʰártay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰādʰártay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dādʰártay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dādʰártay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dādʰártay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दधार",
"tr": "dadhā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दधार (dadhā́ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दधार (dadhā́ra) / दाधार (dādhā́ra, 3sg.perf.), दध्रे (dadhré), दधर्तु (dadhártu, 3sg.impv.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dādártay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dādártay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dādártay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉",
"pos": "3sg.perf."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉 (dādrē, 3sg.perf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉 (dādrē, 3sg.perf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬀 (daδāra, 3sg.perf.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰor-éyeti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "darît"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: darît",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: darît"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "darýti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: darýti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: darýti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰāráyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰāráyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰér-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰármā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰármā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धर्मन्",
"tr": "dhárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धर्मन् (dhárman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धर्मन् (dhárman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰér-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰármas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰármas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धर्म",
"tr": "dhárma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धर्म (dhárma)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धर्म (dhárma) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "darna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: darna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: darna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fermos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fermos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"t": "firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable"
},
"expansion": "Latin: firmus (“firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: firmus (“firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰer-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*feros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *feros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *feros, *feramos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferē"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ferē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ferē, fermē"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr-eh₁-nom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frēnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frēnom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frēnom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frēnum",
"t": "bridle"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frēnum (“bridle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frēnum (“bridle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr-eh₁-tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frētos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frētos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frētos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frētus",
"t": "leaning on something"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frētus (“leaning on something”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frētus (“leaning on something”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drong",
"t": "troop, multitude, crowd"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: drong (“troop, multitude, crowd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: drong (“troop, multitude, crowd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*darnijaną",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *darnijaną (“to conceal”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *darnijaną (“to conceal”) (with nasalization) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θράω",
"t": "to sit, to rest upon"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θράω (thráō, “to sit, to rest upon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θράω (thráō, “to sit, to rest upon”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρᾶνος",
"t": "bench, close-stool, supporting beam"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρᾶνος (thrânos, “bench, close-stool, supporting beam”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρᾶνος (thrânos, “bench, close-stool, supporting beam”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρῆνυς",
"t": "footstool"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρῆνυς (thrênus, “footstool”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρῆνυς (thrênus, “footstool”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρόνος",
"t": "seat, throne"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρόνος (thrónos, “seat, throne”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρόνος (thrónos, “seat, throne”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to support"
],
"id": "en-dʰer--ine-pro-root-sDQVQy2J",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"id": "en-dʰer--ine-pro-root-wddo9PTy",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "dʰer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, robust”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰers- (“to be bold”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰar-",
"t": "hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰar- (“hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰar- (“hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьržati",
"t": "hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьržati (“hold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьržati (“hold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥-tó ~ dʰr-n̥tó (root medio-passive aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádʰr̥ta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádʰr̥ta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hádʰr̥ta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hádʰr̥ta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hádʰr̥ta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अधृत",
"tr": "ádhṛta"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अधृत (ádhṛta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अधृत (ádhṛta), धृथास् (dhṛthā́s)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian: *Hádr̥ta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁",
"pos": "3sg.med.inj."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁 (dər^ətā, 3sg.med.inj.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁 (dər^ətā, 3sg.med.inj.), 𐬛𐬭𐬍𐬙𐬁 (drītā, 3sg.med.opt.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰér-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "deret",
"alt": "derêt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: derêt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: derêt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "derė́ti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: derė́ti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: derė́ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰárati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰárati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰárati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰí-dʰer-ti (reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰídʰārti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰídʰārti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰídʰārti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dídʰārti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dídʰārti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dídʰārti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दिधृतम्",
"tr": "didhṛtám"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दिधृतम् (didhṛtám)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दिधृतम् (didhṛtám)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dídarti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dídarti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dídarti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀- (vidiδār^əmna-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰe-dʰór-e ~ *dʰe-dʰr̥-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰādʰártay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰādʰártay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰādʰártay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dādʰártay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dādʰártay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dādʰártay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दधार",
"tr": "dadhā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दधार (dadhā́ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दधार (dadhā́ra) / दाधार (dādhā́ra, 3sg.perf.), दध्रे (dadhré), दधर्तु (dadhártu, 3sg.impv.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dādártay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dādártay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dādártay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉",
"pos": "3sg.perf."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉 (dādrē, 3sg.perf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬉 (dādrē, 3sg.perf.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬜𐬁𐬭𐬀 (daδāra, 3sg.perf.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰor-éyeti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "darît"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: darît",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: darît"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "darýti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: darýti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: darýti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰāráyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰāráyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰér-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰármā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰármā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धर्मन्",
"tr": "dhárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धर्मन् (dhárman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धर्मन् (dhárman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰér-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰármas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰármas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰármas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰármas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धर्म",
"tr": "dhárma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: धर्म (dhárma)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: धर्म (dhárma) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "darna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: darna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: darna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fermos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fermos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"t": "firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable"
},
"expansion": "Latin: firmus (“firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: firmus (“firm, strong, steadfast, enduring, stable”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰer-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*feros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *feros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *feros, *feramos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferē"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ferē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ferē, fermē"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr-eh₁-nom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frēnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frēnom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frēnom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frēnum",
"t": "bridle"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frēnum (“bridle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frēnum (“bridle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr-eh₁-tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frētos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frētos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frētos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frētus",
"t": "leaning on something"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frētus (“leaning on something”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frētus (“leaning on something”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drong",
"t": "troop, multitude, crowd"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: drong (“troop, multitude, crowd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: drong (“troop, multitude, crowd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*darnijaną",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *darnijaną (“to conceal”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *darnijaną (“to conceal”) (with nasalization) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θράω",
"t": "to sit, to rest upon"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θράω (thráō, “to sit, to rest upon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θράω (thráō, “to sit, to rest upon”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρᾶνος",
"t": "bench, close-stool, supporting beam"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρᾶνος (thrânos, “bench, close-stool, supporting beam”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρᾶνος (thrânos, “bench, close-stool, supporting beam”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρῆνυς",
"t": "footstool"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρῆνυς (thrênus, “footstool”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρῆνυς (thrênus, “footstool”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρόνος",
"t": "seat, throne"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θρόνος (thrónos, “seat, throne”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θρόνος (thrónos, “seat, throne”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to support"
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "dʰer-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.