See dʰerǵʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drūgiz",
"t": "hard, solid, dry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *drūgiz (“hard, solid, dry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *drūgiz (“hard, solid, dry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥ǵʰtós (“strong, firm, hard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ždʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥ždʰás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥ždʰás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žas",
"t": "belt, strap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dir̃žas (“belt, strap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dir̃žas (“belt, strap”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dir̂ža",
"t": "leather girdle"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dir̂ža (“leather girdle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dir̂ža (“leather girdle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žnas",
"t": "firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dir̃žnas (“firm, strong”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dir̃žnas (“firm, strong”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "dīrstlan",
"der": "1",
"t": "stately"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Prussian: dīrstlan (“stately”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Prussian: dīrstlan (“stately”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žti",
"t": "to harden, become tough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dir̃žti (“to harden, become tough”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dir̃žti (“to harden, become tough”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to attach"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to attach”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to attach”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*druknaz",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *druknaz (“dry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *druknaz (“dry”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰerǵʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bind fast"
],
"id": "en-dʰerǵʰ--ine-pro-root-Twskd5Fg",
"links": [
[
"bind",
"bind"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be firm"
],
"id": "en-dʰerǵʰ--ine-pro-root-2UolUQwY",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to support"
],
"id": "en-dʰerǵʰ--ine-pro-root-sDQVQy2J",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, robust"
],
"id": "en-dʰerǵʰ--ine-pro-root-TDY97CCO",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰerǵʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drūgiz",
"t": "hard, solid, dry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *drūgiz (“hard, solid, dry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *drūgiz (“hard, solid, dry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dʰr̥ǵʰtós (“strong, firm, hard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰr̥ždʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥ždʰás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥ždʰás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žas",
"t": "belt, strap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dir̃žas (“belt, strap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dir̃žas (“belt, strap”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dir̂ža",
"t": "leather girdle"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: dir̂ža (“leather girdle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: dir̂ža (“leather girdle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žnas",
"t": "firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dir̃žnas (“firm, strong”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dir̃žnas (“firm, strong”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "dīrstlan",
"der": "1",
"t": "stately"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Prussian: dīrstlan (“stately”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Prussian: dīrstlan (“stately”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žti",
"t": "to harden, become tough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dir̃žti (“to harden, become tough”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dir̃žti (“to harden, become tough”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to attach"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to attach”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to attach”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*druknaz",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *druknaz (“dry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *druknaz (“dry”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰerǵʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bind fast"
],
"links": [
[
"bind",
"bind"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be firm"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to support"
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong, robust"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰerǵʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dʰerǵʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.