See bʰrewh₁- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrewh₁-e- (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brewwaną",
"t": "to brew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁- (o-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*brāu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mbruaj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mbruaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mbruaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrenw- (nasal infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brinnaną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréh₁wr̥"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁-tó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*braudą",
"t": "bread",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰru(h₁)-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*brutas",
"pos": "in the masculine",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Thracian: *brutas (in the masculine)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thracian: *brutas (in the masculine)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρῦτος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutom",
"pos": "in the neuter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom (in the neuter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom (in the neuter)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brwd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: brwd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: brwd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bros"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: bros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: bros"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruþą",
"pos": "in the neuter",
"t": "broth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”, in the neuter)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”, in the neuter) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frutom",
"pos": "in the neuter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frutom (in the neuter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frutom (in the neuter)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dēfrutum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dēfrutum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dēfrutum, dēfritum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréwmn̥-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brumë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: brumë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: brumë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰru-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰerw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*borwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Boruo"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Boruo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Boruo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*britśiā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bërsi"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bërsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bërsi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορφῡ́ρω",
"id": "heave",
"t": "to heave, boil, surge up"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πορφῡ́ρω (porphū́rō, “to heave, boil, surge up”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πορφῡ́ρω (porphū́rō, “to heave, boil, surge up”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "boil",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extension of *bʰer- (“to boil”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrewh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to boil"
],
"id": "en-bʰrewh₁--ine-pro-root-yG~NxbN7",
"links": [
[
"boil",
"boil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to brew"
],
"id": "en-bʰrewh₁--ine-pro-root-QPtFaNC7",
"links": [
[
"brew",
"brew"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰrewh₁-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrewh₁-e- (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brewwaną",
"t": "to brew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brewwaną (“to brew”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁- (o-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*brāu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *brāu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "mbruaj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: mbruaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: mbruaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrenw- (nasal infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brinnaną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréh₁wr̥"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrowh₁-tó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*braudą",
"t": "bread",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *braudą (“bread”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰru(h₁)-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*brutas",
"pos": "in the masculine",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Thracian: *brutas (in the masculine)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thracian: *brutas (in the masculine)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρῦτος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: βρῦτος (brûtos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutom",
"pos": "in the neuter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom (in the neuter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutom (in the neuter)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brwd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: brwd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: brwd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bros"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: bros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: bros"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruþą",
"pos": "in the neuter",
"t": "broth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”, in the neuter)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bruþą (“broth”, in the neuter) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frutom",
"pos": "in the neuter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frutom (in the neuter)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frutom (in the neuter)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dēfrutum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dēfrutum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dēfrutum, dēfritum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰréwmn̥-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *bruma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brumë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: brumë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: brumë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰru-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brutus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brutus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bruth"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bruth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bruth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰerw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*berwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *berwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorw-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*borwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *borwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Boruo"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Boruo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Boruo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*britśiā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *britśiā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bërsi"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bërsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bërsi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορφῡ́ρω",
"id": "heave",
"t": "to heave, boil, surge up"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πορφῡ́ρω (porphū́rō, “to heave, boil, surge up”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πορφῡ́ρω (porphū́rō, “to heave, boil, surge up”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "boil",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extension of *bʰer- (“to boil”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrewh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to boil"
],
"links": [
[
"boil",
"boil"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to brew"
],
"links": [
[
"brew",
"brew"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰrewh₁-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰrewh₁- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.