See bʰlendʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlondʰ-e- (o-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*blandaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *blandaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *blandaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlendʰ-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blenstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blenstei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blenstei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlendʰ-i-s or *bʰln̥dʰ-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blendis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blendis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blendis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*blędь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *blędь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *blędь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰln̥dʰ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰradʰnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰradʰnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰradʰnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bradʰnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bradʰnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bradʰnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ब्रध्न",
"t": "ruddy, pale-red, blond, yellowish",
"tr": "bradhná",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale-red, blond, yellowish”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bronъ",
"3": "",
"4": "white, grayish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bronъ (“white, grayish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bram",
"3": "",
"4": "rust, earwax, residue"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bram (“rust, earwax, residue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Alternatively linked to Proto-Slavic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*bronъ</i> (“white, grayish”) (for earlier <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">**brodnъ</i>) and Albanian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sq\">bram</i> (“rust, earwax, residue”). Both proposed etymologies are problematic.",
"group": "\"note\""
},
"expansion": "and Albanian bram (“rust, earwax, residue”). Both proposed etymologies are problematic.",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale-red, blond, yellowish”) and Albanian bram (“rust, earwax, residue”). Both proposed etymologies are problematic."
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlendʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*blindaz",
"t": "blind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *blindaz (“blind”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *blindaz (“blind”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlondʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blándīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blándīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blándīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "blàndîtiês"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: blàndîtiês",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: blàndîtiês, blôdîtiês"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "blandýtis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: blandýtis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: blandýtis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*blǭdìti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *blǭdìti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *blǭdìti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlondʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blandas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blandas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blandas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥ndʰ-os or *bʰlendʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*blundaz",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *blundaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *blundaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*blund"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *blund",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *blund"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "blondus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: blondus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: blondus"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "blond"
},
"expansion": "Old French: blond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: blond, blont"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "blond"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: blond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: blond"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blond",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: blond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: blond"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰlendʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to blend, to mix up"
],
"id": "en-bʰlendʰ--ine-pro-root-jyPwQ9KF",
"links": [
[
"blend",
"blend"
],
[
"mix up",
"mix up"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make cloudy, opaque"
],
"id": "en-bʰlendʰ--ine-pro-root-T7m0Kqn4",
"links": [
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"opaque",
"opaque"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 9 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 15 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blond, red-haired, ruddy (alternative/contested) suggests derivation from *bʰel- (“to blaze, be shiny”)."
],
"id": "en-bʰlendʰ--ine-pro-root-UH-x3g9y",
"links": [
[
"blond",
"blond"
],
[
"red-haired",
"red-haired"
],
[
"ruddy",
"ruddy"
],
[
"ब्रध्न",
"ब्रध्न#Sanskrit"
],
[
"blondus",
"blondus#Latin"
],
[
"The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language",
"w:The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language"
],
[
"Houghton Mifflin Harcourt",
"w:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt"
],
[
"*bʰel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-#Proto-Indo-European:_shiny"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰlendʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlondʰ-e- (o-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*blandaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *blandaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *blandaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlendʰ-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blenstei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blenstei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blenstei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlendʰ-i-s or *bʰln̥dʰ-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blendis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blendis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blendis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*blędь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *blędь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *blędь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰln̥dʰ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰradʰnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰradʰnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰradʰnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bradʰnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bradʰnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bradʰnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ब्रध्न",
"t": "ruddy, pale-red, blond, yellowish",
"tr": "bradhná",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale-red, blond, yellowish”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bronъ",
"3": "",
"4": "white, grayish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bronъ (“white, grayish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bram",
"3": "",
"4": "rust, earwax, residue"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bram (“rust, earwax, residue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Alternatively linked to Proto-Slavic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*bronъ</i> (“white, grayish”) (for earlier <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">**brodnъ</i>) and Albanian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sq\">bram</i> (“rust, earwax, residue”). Both proposed etymologies are problematic.",
"group": "\"note\""
},
"expansion": "and Albanian bram (“rust, earwax, residue”). Both proposed etymologies are problematic.",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale-red, blond, yellowish”) and Albanian bram (“rust, earwax, residue”). Both proposed etymologies are problematic."
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlendʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*blindaz",
"t": "blind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *blindaz (“blind”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *blindaz (“blind”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlondʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blándīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blándīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blándīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "blàndîtiês"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: blàndîtiês",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: blàndîtiês, blôdîtiês"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "blandýtis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: blandýtis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: blandýtis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*blǭdìti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *blǭdìti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *blǭdìti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰlondʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*blandas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blandas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blandas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰl̥ndʰ-os or *bʰlendʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*blundaz",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *blundaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *blundaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*blund"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *blund",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *blund"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "blondus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: blondus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: blondus"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "blond"
},
"expansion": "Old French: blond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: blond, blont"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "blond"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: blond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: blond"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blond",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: blond",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: blond"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰlendʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to blend, to mix up"
],
"links": [
[
"blend",
"blend"
],
[
"mix up",
"mix up"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make cloudy, opaque"
],
"links": [
[
"cloudy",
"cloudy"
],
[
"opaque",
"opaque"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blond, red-haired, ruddy (alternative/contested) suggests derivation from *bʰel- (“to blaze, be shiny”)."
],
"links": [
[
"blond",
"blond"
],
[
"red-haired",
"red-haired"
],
[
"ruddy",
"ruddy"
],
[
"ब्रध्न",
"ब्रध्न#Sanskrit"
],
[
"blondus",
"blondus#Latin"
],
[
"The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language",
"w:The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language"
],
[
"Houghton Mifflin Harcourt",
"w:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt"
],
[
"*bʰel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰel-#Proto-Indo-European:_shiny"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰlendʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰlendʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.