See bʰeydʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰeydʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéydʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéydʰ-e-tor (deponent)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáydʰatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰatay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*báydʰatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰatay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बाधते",
"tr": "bā́dhate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बाधते (bā́dhate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बाधते (bā́dhate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰóydʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰidʰ-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰidʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰeydʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*peitʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πειθός",
"t": "persuasive, credible, faithful"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”) (⇒ Εὐπείθης (Eupeíthēs), εὐπειθής (eupeithḗs, “persuadable”); ἀπειθής (apeithḗs, “unconvinced, disobedient”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰaydʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaydʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaydʰás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*baydʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baydʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baydʰás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बाध",
"tr": "bādhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बाध (bādhá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बाध (bādhá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*feiðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *feiðos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *feiðos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "fīdus",
"t": "loyal, faithful, ally"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: fīdus (“loyal, faithful, ally”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: fīdus (“loyal, faithful, ally”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "foedus",
"t": "treaty, pact, alliance"
},
"expansion": "Latin: foedus (“treaty, pact, alliance”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: foedus (“treaty, pact, alliance”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáydʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*báydʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बाधस्",
"tr": "bā́dhas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बाधस् (bā́dhas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बाधस् (bā́dhas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰoydʰ-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baidā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "be",
"alt": "bē",
"t": "oath, swearing"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baidāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baidāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baidāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bads"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bads",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bads"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*běda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *běda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *běda (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baidō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bād",
"t": "pledge; expectation"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bīta",
"id": "wait",
"t": "expectation, hesitation, wait"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bīta (“expectation, hesitation, wait”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bīta (“expectation, hesitation, wait”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰeydʰ-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baitši"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baitši",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baitši"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "besë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: besë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: besë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*banssus",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *banssus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *banssus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pístis",
"alt": "*pítstis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pítstis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pítstis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πί̆στῐς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πί̆στῐς (pístis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πί̆στῐς (pístis)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰoydʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baideitei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baideitei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baideitei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*běditi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *běditi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *běditi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baidijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baidijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baidijaną (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeydʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to compel, force"
],
"id": "en-bʰeydʰ--ine-pro-root-ITqdeh7G",
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to trust"
],
"id": "en-bʰeydʰ--ine-pro-root-wN5g6xm3",
"links": [
[
"trust",
"trust"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰeydʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéydʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéydʰ-e-tor (deponent)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáydʰatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰatay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*báydʰatay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰatay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰatay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बाधते",
"tr": "bā́dhate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बाधते (bā́dhate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बाधते (bā́dhate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰóydʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰidʰ-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰidʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰeydʰ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*peitʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πειθός",
"t": "persuasive, credible, faithful"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”) (⇒ Εὐπείθης (Eupeíthēs), εὐπειθής (eupeithḗs, “persuadable”); ἀπειθής (apeithḗs, “unconvinced, disobedient”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰaydʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaydʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaydʰás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*baydʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baydʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baydʰás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बाध",
"tr": "bādhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बाध (bādhá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बाध (bādhá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*feiðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *feiðos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *feiðos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "fīdus",
"t": "loyal, faithful, ally"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: fīdus (“loyal, faithful, ally”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: fīdus (“loyal, faithful, ally”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "foedus",
"t": "treaty, pact, alliance"
},
"expansion": "Latin: foedus (“treaty, pact, alliance”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: foedus (“treaty, pact, alliance”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáydʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*báydʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बाधस्",
"tr": "bā́dhas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बाधस् (bā́dhas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बाधस् (bā́dhas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰoydʰ-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baidā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "be",
"alt": "bē",
"t": "oath, swearing"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baidāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baidāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baidāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bads"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bads",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bads"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*běda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *běda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *běda (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baidō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bād",
"t": "pledge; expectation"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bīta",
"id": "wait",
"t": "expectation, hesitation, wait"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bīta (“expectation, hesitation, wait”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bīta (“expectation, hesitation, wait”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰeydʰ-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baitši"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baitši",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baitši"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "besë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: besë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: besë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*banssus",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *banssus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *banssus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pístis",
"alt": "*pítstis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pítstis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pítstis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πί̆στῐς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πί̆στῐς (pístis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πί̆στῐς (pístis)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰoydʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baideitei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baideitei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baideitei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*běditi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *běditi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *běditi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baidijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baidijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baidijaną (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeydʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to compel, force"
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to trust"
],
"links": [
[
"trust",
"trust"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰeydʰ-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.