See bʰers- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰers- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (16.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰars- ~ *bʰors- ~ *bʰor-es- (“spike, prickle”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bar",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bar (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bar (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*buras",
"pos": "< *bʰr̥-(e)s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *buras (< *bʰr̥-(e)s-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *buras (< *bʰr̥-(e)s-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъrъ",
"t": "foxtail millet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bargos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bargos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "bara",
"t": "bread"
},
"expansion": "Breton: bara (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: bara (“bread”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "bara"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: bara",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: bara"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bairgen",
"t": "bread, loaf"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bairgen (“bread, loaf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bairgen (“bread, loaf”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bara",
"t": "bread"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bara (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bara (“bread”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baraz",
"t": "spiky leaves, needles of the fir or pine; awn; barley"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baraz (“spiky leaves, needles of the fir or pine; awn; barley”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baraz (“spiky leaves, needles of the fir or pine; awn; barley”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bere"
},
"expansion": "English: bere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bere, barley"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃",
"der": "1",
"t": "barley"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (barizeins, “barley”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (barizeins, “barley”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "barr",
"t": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: barr (“grain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: barr (“grain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fars"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fars",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fars"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "far",
"t": "type of husked wheat, emmer; grain, flour, grits"
},
"expansion": "Latin: far (“type of husked wheat, emmer; grain, flour, grits”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: far (“type of husked wheat, emmer; grain, flour, grits”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌚𐌀𐌓",
"t": "emmer wheat"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far, “emmer wheat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faliscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far, “emmer wheat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥s-ko-s or *bʰr̥s-ḱo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruskaz",
"t": "tuft; thicket",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bruskaz (“tuft; thicket”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰrus-go-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or from *bʰrus-go-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bruskaz (“tuft; thicket”) (or from *bʰrus-go-?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brosse",
"3": "broce",
"4": "broche",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: brosse, broce, broche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: brosse, broce, broche"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusche",
"3": "brusshe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brush"
},
"expansion": "English: brush",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brush"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "brúskr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: brúskr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: brúskr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "brúskur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: brúskur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: brúskur"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "brusk",
"t": "shrub, undergrowth"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: brusk (“shrub, undergrowth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: brusk (“shrub, undergrowth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*pʰərskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰərskos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰərskos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*φαρσκος",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: *φαρσκος (*pharskos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: *φαρσκος (*pharskos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάσκος",
"t": "tufts of moss"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φάσκος (pháskos, “tufts of moss”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φάσκος (pháskos, “tufts of moss”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥s-t-yós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*burštjás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burštjás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burštjás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъ̃rščь",
"t": "hogweed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̃rščь (“hogweed”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̃rščь (“hogweed”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥s-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*barros",
"t": "top, point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *barros (“top, point”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *barros (“top, point”) (< earlier *barsos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: barr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: barr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Breton: barr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: barr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bar"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: bar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: bar"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: barr\nWelsh: bar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: barr\nWelsh: bar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: barr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: barr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérs-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥s-tí-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burstiz",
"t": "bristle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burstiz (“bristle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burstiz (“bristle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥štíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥štíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥štíš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भृष्टि",
"t": "a point, top",
"tr": "bhṛṣṭí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भृष्टि (bhṛṣṭí, “a point, top”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भृष्टि (bhṛṣṭí, “a point, top”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*br̥štíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥štíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥štíš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙-",
"alt": "𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙-",
"t": "northwest side of the earth"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙- (voᵘru-bar^əšt-, “northwest side of the earth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙- (voᵘru-bar^əšt-, “northwest side of the earth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farstjagjom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farstjagjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farstjagjom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fastīgium",
"t": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fastīgium (“sharp point”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fastīgium (“sharp point”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰors-i(H)n- ~ *bʰars-i(H)n-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰors-in-óm ~ *bʰars-in-óm n"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baršina"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baršina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baršina"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bȏršьno",
"t": "flour, food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bȏršьno (“flour, food”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bȏršьno (“flour, food”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bar(š)-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bar(š)-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bar(š)- + *-ība"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "barĩba",
"t": "food"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: barĩba (“food”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: barĩba (“food”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰors-iHn-eh₂ ~ *bʰars-iHn-eh₂ f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farsīnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farsīnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farsīnā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fārīna",
"t": "flour"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fārīna (“flour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *farrina"
},
"expansion": "(< *farrina)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fārīna (“flour”) (< *farrina)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰórs-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barsaz",
"t": "pike, bass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barsaz (“pike, bass”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barsaz (“pike, bass”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barskaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barskaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barskaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*barsk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *barsk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *barsk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "barsch",
"t": "sharp, rough, stern"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: barsch (“sharp, rough, stern”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: barsch (“sharp, rough, stern”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "barsch",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: barsch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: barsch"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "barsk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: barsk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: barsk"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: barsk"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "barsk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: barsk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: barsk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "brū̃sgai",
"g": "m-p",
"t": "underbrush"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: brū̃sgai m pl (“underbrush”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: brū̃sgai m pl (“underbrush”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Compounds"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰers-dʰh₁eti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with vowel metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with vowel metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰros-dʰ(h₁)-o- (with vowel metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brosdos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brosdos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brosdos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "brot",
"t": "goad, spike"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: brot (“goad, spike”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: brot (“goad, spike”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brazdaz",
"3": "*brazdą",
"t2": "edge, brim"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brazdaz, *brazdą (“edge, brim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brazdaz, *brazdą (“edge, brim”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*braʀd",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *braʀd m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *braʀd m"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "breard",
"t": "brim, margin"
},
"expansion": "Old English: breard (“brim, margin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: breard (“brim, margin”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brart",
"t": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brart (“edge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brart (“edge”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brart",
"t": "edge; board"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brart (“edge; board”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brart (“edge; board”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*bradd"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *bradd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *bradd"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "bradd",
"g": "m",
"t": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: bradd m (“edge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: bradd m (“edge”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bradd",
"g": "n",
"t": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bradd n (“edge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bradd n (“edge”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bradd",
"g": "n",
"t": "shore, side"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: bradd n (“shore, side”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: bradd n (“shore, side”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruzdaz",
"t": "point, spike, thorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top, tip, point"
],
"id": "en-bʰers--ine-pro-root-H~TdPBuX",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰers-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰars- ~ *bʰors- ~ *bʰor-es- (“spike, prickle”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bar",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bar (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bar (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*buras",
"pos": "< *bʰr̥-(e)s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *buras (< *bʰr̥-(e)s-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *buras (< *bʰr̥-(e)s-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъrъ",
"t": "foxtail millet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bargos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bargos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "bara",
"t": "bread"
},
"expansion": "Breton: bara (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: bara (“bread”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "bara"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: bara",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: bara"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bairgen",
"t": "bread, loaf"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bairgen (“bread, loaf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bairgen (“bread, loaf”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bara",
"t": "bread"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bara (“bread”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bara (“bread”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baraz",
"t": "spiky leaves, needles of the fir or pine; awn; barley"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baraz (“spiky leaves, needles of the fir or pine; awn; barley”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baraz (“spiky leaves, needles of the fir or pine; awn; barley”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bere"
},
"expansion": "English: bere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bere, barley"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃",
"der": "1",
"t": "barley"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (barizeins, “barley”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (barizeins, “barley”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "barr",
"t": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: barr (“grain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: barr (“grain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fars"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fars",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fars"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "far",
"t": "type of husked wheat, emmer; grain, flour, grits"
},
"expansion": "Latin: far (“type of husked wheat, emmer; grain, flour, grits”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: far (“type of husked wheat, emmer; grain, flour, grits”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌚𐌀𐌓",
"t": "emmer wheat"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far, “emmer wheat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faliscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far, “emmer wheat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥s-ko-s or *bʰr̥s-ḱo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruskaz",
"t": "tuft; thicket",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bruskaz (“tuft; thicket”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰrus-go-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or from *bʰrus-go-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bruskaz (“tuft; thicket”) (or from *bʰrus-go-?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*brusk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *brusk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *brusk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brosse",
"3": "broce",
"4": "broche",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: brosse, broce, broche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: brosse, broce, broche"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brusche",
"3": "brusshe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brush"
},
"expansion": "English: brush",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brush"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "brúskr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: brúskr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: brúskr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "brúskur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: brúskur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: brúskur"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "brusk",
"t": "shrub, undergrowth"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: brusk (“shrub, undergrowth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: brusk (“shrub, undergrowth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*pʰərskos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰərskos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰərskos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*φαρσκος",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: *φαρσκος (*pharskos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: *φαρσκος (*pharskos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάσκος",
"t": "tufts of moss"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φάσκος (pháskos, “tufts of moss”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φάσκος (pháskos, “tufts of moss”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥s-t-yós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*burštjás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burštjás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *burštjás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъ̃rščь",
"t": "hogweed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̃rščь (“hogweed”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bъ̃rščь (“hogweed”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥s-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*barros",
"t": "top, point"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *barros (“top, point”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *barros (“top, point”) (< earlier *barsos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: barr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: barr"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Breton: barr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: barr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bar"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: bar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: bar"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: barr\nWelsh: bar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: barr\nWelsh: bar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "barr"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: barr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: barr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérs-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥s-tí-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burstiz",
"t": "bristle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burstiz (“bristle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burstiz (“bristle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥štíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥štíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥štíš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भृष्टि",
"t": "a point, top",
"tr": "bhṛṣṭí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भृष्टि (bhṛṣṭí, “a point, top”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भृष्टि (bhṛṣṭí, “a point, top”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*br̥štíš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥štíš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥štíš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙-",
"alt": "𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙-",
"t": "northwest side of the earth"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙- (voᵘru-bar^əšt-, “northwest side of the earth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙- (voᵘru-bar^əšt-, “northwest side of the earth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farstjagjom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farstjagjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farstjagjom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fastīgium",
"t": "sharp point"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fastīgium (“sharp point”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fastīgium (“sharp point”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰors-i(H)n- ~ *bʰars-i(H)n-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰors-in-óm ~ *bʰars-in-óm n"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baršina"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baršina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baršina"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bȏršьno",
"t": "flour, food"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bȏršьno (“flour, food”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bȏršьno (“flour, food”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bar(š)-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bar(š)-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bar(š)- + *-ība"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "barĩba",
"t": "food"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: barĩba (“food”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: barĩba (“food”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰors-iHn-eh₂ ~ *bʰars-iHn-eh₂ f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farsīnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farsīnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farsīnā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fārīna",
"t": "flour"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fārīna (“flour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *farrina"
},
"expansion": "(< *farrina)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fārīna (“flour”) (< *farrina)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰórs-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barsaz",
"t": "pike, bass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barsaz (“pike, bass”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barsaz (“pike, bass”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barskaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barskaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barskaz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*barsk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *barsk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *barsk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "barsch",
"t": "sharp, rough, stern"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: barsch (“sharp, rough, stern”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: barsch (“sharp, rough, stern”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "barsch",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: barsch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: barsch"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "barsk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: barsk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: barsk"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: barsk"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "barsk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: barsk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: barsk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "brū̃sgai",
"g": "m-p",
"t": "underbrush"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: brū̃sgai m pl (“underbrush”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: brū̃sgai m pl (“underbrush”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Compounds"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰers-dʰh₁eti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with vowel metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with vowel metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*bʰros-dʰ(h₁)-o- (with vowel metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brosdos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brosdos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brosdos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "brot",
"t": "goad, spike"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: brot (“goad, spike”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: brot (“goad, spike”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brazdaz",
"3": "*brazdą",
"t2": "edge, brim"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *brazdaz, *brazdą (“edge, brim”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *brazdaz, *brazdą (“edge, brim”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*braʀd",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *braʀd m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *braʀd m"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "breard",
"t": "brim, margin"
},
"expansion": "Old English: breard (“brim, margin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: breard (“brim, margin”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brart",
"t": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: brart (“edge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: brart (“edge”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "brart",
"t": "edge; board"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: brart (“edge; board”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: brart (“edge; board”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*bradd"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *bradd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *bradd"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "bradd",
"g": "m",
"t": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: bradd m (“edge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: bradd m (“edge”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bradd",
"g": "n",
"t": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bradd n (“edge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bradd n (“edge”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bradd",
"g": "n",
"t": "shore, side"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: bradd n (“shore, side”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: bradd n (“shore, side”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bruzdaz",
"t": "point, spike, thorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Undetermined terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"top, tip, point"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰers-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.