See bʰer- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰer- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (24.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*berja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *berja",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *berja (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-éye-ti (causative-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-H-men"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bèrmę",
"gloss": "load, burden"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrmę (“load, burden”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrmę (“load, burden”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHmā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHmā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भरीमन्",
"tr": "bhárīman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भरीमन् (bhárīman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भरीमन् (bhárīman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "bʰereg-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frigutio",
"t": "to chirp"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frigutio (“to chirp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frigutio (“to chirp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰēr-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bērō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bērō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bērō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-h₁dyeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*berďa",
"gloss": "pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *berďa (“pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *berďa (“pregnant”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-h₁-tr-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰéretron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéretron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéretron"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρετρον",
"t": "bier, litter, frame"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρετρον (phéretron, “bier, litter, frame”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρετρον (phéretron, “bier, litter, frame”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαρέτρᾱ",
"t": "quiver",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: φαρέτρᾱ (pharétrā, “quiver”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: φαρέτρᾱ (pharétrā, “quiver”) (from the plural) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHtram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHtram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भरित्र",
"t": "arm",
"tr": "bharítram-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भरित्र (bharítram-, “arm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भरित्र (bharítram-, “arm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-ist(H)-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰéristos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéristos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéristos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέριστος",
"t": "strongest-carrying ?"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέριστος (phéristos, “strongest-carrying ?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέριστος (phéristos, “strongest-carrying ?”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárištʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárištʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárištʰas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bárištah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bárištah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bárištah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀",
"pos": "voc.",
"t": "helping best"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (baⁱrišta, “helping best”, voc.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (baⁱrišta, “helping best”, voc.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-mn̥ ~ *bʰr̥-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰérmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérmə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρμᾰ",
"t": "fruit of the womb/earth"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρμᾰ (phérma, “fruit of the womb/earth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρμᾰ (phérma, “fruit of the womb/earth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भर्मन्",
"tr": "bhárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भर्मन् (bhárman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भर्मन् (bhárman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-n-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰernā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰernā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰernā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φερνή",
"t": "dowry"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φερνή (phernḗ, “dowry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φερνή (phernḗ, “dowry”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-no-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեռն (beṙn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեռն (beṙn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "bārns",
"t": "child"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: bārns (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: bārns (“child”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bērns",
"t": "child"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bērns (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bērns (“child”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lituanian: bernas (“young, unmarried man; child; boy; servant”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "barnaj",
"t": "children"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian: barnaj (“children”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sudovian: barnaj (“children”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-n-yo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pʰérnyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérnyom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérnyom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρνιον",
"t": "fish-basket"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρνιον (phérnion, “fish-basket”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρνιον (phérnion, “fish-basket”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-ont-ih₂ ~ *bʰer-ont-y-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "preṃtsa",
"t": "pregnant of a woman; potent of a man"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: preṃtsa (“pregnant [of a woman]; potent [of a man]”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: preṃtsa (“pregnant [of a woman]; potent [of a man]”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-ti-s (“the act of carrying, bearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-tr-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berdrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *berdrą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰer(H)tróm</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *bʰer(H)tróm)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *berdrą (< *bʰer(H)tróm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*berdr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *berdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *berdr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beordor",
"t": "birth"
},
"expansion": "Old English: beordor (“birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: beordor (“birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰértron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰértron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰértron"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρτρον",
"t": "bier"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρτρον (phértron, “bier”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρτρον (phértron, “bier”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰṓr (“thief”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*barā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *barā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *barā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "barrë",
"t": "burden, load"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: barrë (“burden, load”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: barrë (“burden, load”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pʰorā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορᾱ́"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορᾱ́ (phorā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φορᾱ́ (phorā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-id-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*for(i)dā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *for(i)dā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *for(i)dā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forda",
"gloss": "cow in calf"
},
"expansion": "Latin: forda (“cow in calf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: forda (“cow in calf”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-mo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barmaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barmaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰormos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰormos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰormos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορμός (phormós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Ancient Greek: φορμός (phormós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-n-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*barnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *barnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *barnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "barrë",
"t": "pregnancy; foetus, child"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: barrë (“pregnancy; foetus, child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: barrë (“pregnancy; foetus, child”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰóros"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰóros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰóros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰóros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φόρος",
"t": "tribute"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φόρος (phóros, “tribute”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φόρος (phóros, “tribute”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰáras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáras"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भर",
"tr": "bhára"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भर (bhára)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भर (bhára)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰorós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορός",
"t": "bearing, carrying, tending"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰārás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰārás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भार",
"t": "bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight",
"tr": "bhārá-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá-, “bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá-, “bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bāráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bāráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bāráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (bāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (bāra)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*-βārə́h"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *-βārə́h",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *-βārə́h"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-uko-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*báruka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *báruka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *báruka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bark",
"t": "belly, abdomen, womb"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bark (“belly, abdomen, womb”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bark (“belly, abdomen, womb”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms"
},
"expansion": "Messapic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βάρυκα",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ancient Greek: βάρυκα (báruka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ancient Greek: βάρυκα (báruka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-tew-n-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fortūnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fortūnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fortūnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortūna"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fortūna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fortūna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ed-bʰer-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*adbertā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *adbertā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *adbertā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad-opair",
"t": "(s)he sacrifices"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ad-opair (“(s)he sacrifices”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ad-opair (“(s)he sacrifices”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "aperth",
"t": "animal sacrifice, offering, prayer"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: aperth (“animal sacrifice, offering, prayer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: aperth (“animal sacrifice, offering, prayer”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aberth"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: aberth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: aberth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "aberzh"
},
"expansion": "Breton: aberzh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: aberzh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ed-bʰer-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*atberaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *atberaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *atberaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "αββερετ"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: αββερετ (abberet)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: αββερετ (abberet)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ed-bʰer-tōr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*adfertōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *adfertōr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *adfertōr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "arsfertur"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: arsfertur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: arsfertur, arsfetur (“priest”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bir",
"t": "son"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bir (“son”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bir (“son”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bringaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably"
},
"expansion": "(probably)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bringaną (probably) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*buriz",
"t": "son"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *buriz (“son”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *buriz (“son”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burþį̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burþį̄",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burþį̄ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "-աւոր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: -աւոր (-awor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: -աւոր (-awor)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ber̃ždžias"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: ber̃ždžias",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: ber̃ždžias, ber̃gždžias (“barren (of a cow)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bèrďь",
"t": "pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrďь (“pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrďь (“pregnant”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορεύς",
"t": "bearer"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορεύς (phoreús, “bearer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φορεύς (phoreús, “bearer”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भार",
"tr": "bhārá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fordus",
"t": "pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fordus (“pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fordus (“pregnant”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Extended form *bʰr-ew-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(possibly) *bʰrews- (“belly”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrews-o-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*břȗxo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *břȗxo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *břȗxo, *břȗxъ (“belly”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrus-on-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brusū",
"t": "belly, abdomen, chest, breast"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brusū (“belly, abdomen, chest, breast”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brusū (“belly, abdomen, chest, breast”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*breustą (“breast, chest”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*brusts (“breast, chest”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bear, carry"
],
"id": "en-bʰer--ine-pro-root-sU0ww7EO",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰer-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*berja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *berja",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *berja (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-éye-ti (causative-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-H-men"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bèrmę",
"gloss": "load, burden"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrmę (“load, burden”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrmę (“load, burden”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHmā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHmā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHmā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भरीमन्",
"tr": "bhárīman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भरीमन् (bhárīman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भरीमन् (bhárīman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "bʰereg-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frigutio",
"t": "to chirp"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frigutio (“to chirp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frigutio (“to chirp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰēr-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bērō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bērō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bērō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-h₁dyeh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*berďa",
"gloss": "pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *berďa (“pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *berďa (“pregnant”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-h₁-tr-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰéretron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéretron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéretron"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρετρον",
"t": "bier, litter, frame"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρετρον (phéretron, “bier, litter, frame”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρετρον (phéretron, “bier, litter, frame”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαρέτρᾱ",
"t": "quiver",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: φαρέτρᾱ (pharétrā, “quiver”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: φαρέτρᾱ (pharétrā, “quiver”) (from the plural) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárHtram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárHtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárHtram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भरित्र",
"t": "arm",
"tr": "bharítram-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भरित्र (bharítram-, “arm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भरित्र (bharítram-, “arm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-ist(H)-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰéristos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéristos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰéristos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέριστος",
"t": "strongest-carrying ?"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέριστος (phéristos, “strongest-carrying ?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέριστος (phéristos, “strongest-carrying ?”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárištʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárištʰas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárištʰas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bárištah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bárištah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bárištah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀",
"pos": "voc.",
"t": "helping best"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (baⁱrišta, “helping best”, voc.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (baⁱrišta, “helping best”, voc.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-mn̥ ~ *bʰr̥-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰérmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérmə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρμᾰ",
"t": "fruit of the womb/earth"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρμᾰ (phérma, “fruit of the womb/earth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρμᾰ (phérma, “fruit of the womb/earth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भर्मन्",
"tr": "bhárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भर्मन् (bhárman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भर्मन् (bhárman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-n-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰernā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰernā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰernā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φερνή",
"t": "dowry"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φερνή (phernḗ, “dowry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φερνή (phernḗ, “dowry”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-no-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեռն (beṙn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեռն (beṙn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "bārns",
"t": "child"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: bārns (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: bārns (“child”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bērns",
"t": "child"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bērns (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bērns (“child”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lituanian: bernas (“young, unmarried man; child; boy; servant”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "barnaj",
"t": "children"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian: barnaj (“children”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sudovian: barnaj (“children”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-n-yo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pʰérnyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérnyom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérnyom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρνιον",
"t": "fish-basket"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρνιον (phérnion, “fish-basket”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρνιον (phérnion, “fish-basket”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰer-ont-ih₂ ~ *bʰer-ont-y-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "preṃtsa",
"t": "pregnant of a woman; potent of a man"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: preṃtsa (“pregnant [of a woman]; potent [of a man]”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: preṃtsa (“pregnant [of a woman]; potent [of a man]”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-ti-s (“the act of carrying, bearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰér-tr-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berdrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *berdrą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰer(H)tróm</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *bʰer(H)tróm)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *berdrą (< *bʰer(H)tróm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*berdr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *berdr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *berdr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beordor",
"t": "birth"
},
"expansion": "Old English: beordor (“birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: beordor (“birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰértron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰértron",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰértron"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φέρτρον",
"t": "bier"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φέρτρον (phértron, “bier”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φέρτρον (phértron, “bier”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰṓr (“thief”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*barā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *barā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *barā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "barrë",
"t": "burden, load"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: barrë (“burden, load”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: barrë (“burden, load”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pʰorā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορᾱ́"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορᾱ́ (phorā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φορᾱ́ (phorā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-id-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*for(i)dā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *for(i)dā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *for(i)dā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forda",
"gloss": "cow in calf"
},
"expansion": "Latin: forda (“cow in calf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: forda (“cow in calf”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-mo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barmaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barmaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰormos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰormos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰormos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορμός (phormós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Ancient Greek: φορμός (phormós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-n-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*barnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *barnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *barnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "barrë",
"t": "pregnancy; foetus, child"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: barrë (“pregnancy; foetus, child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: barrë (“pregnancy; foetus, child”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*barną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *barną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *barną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰóros"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰóros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰóros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰóros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φόρος",
"t": "tribute"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φόρος (phóros, “tribute”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φόρος (phóros, “tribute”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰáras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰáras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáras"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भर",
"tr": "bhára"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भर (bhára)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भर (bhára)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰorós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορός",
"t": "bearing, carrying, tending"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰārás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰārás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भार",
"t": "bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight",
"tr": "bhārá-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá-, “bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá-, “bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bāráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bāráh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bāráh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (bāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (bāra)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*-βārə́h"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *-βārə́h",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *-βārə́h"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰor-uko-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*báruka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *báruka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *báruka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bark",
"t": "belly, abdomen, womb"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bark (“belly, abdomen, womb”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bark (“belly, abdomen, womb”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms"
},
"expansion": "Messapic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βάρυκα",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ancient Greek: βάρυκα (báruka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ancient Greek: βάρυκα (báruka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-tew-n-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fortūnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fortūnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fortūnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortūna"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fortūna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fortūna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ed-bʰer-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*adbertā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *adbertā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *adbertā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ad-opair",
"t": "(s)he sacrifices"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ad-opair (“(s)he sacrifices”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ad-opair (“(s)he sacrifices”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "aperth",
"t": "animal sacrifice, offering, prayer"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: aperth (“animal sacrifice, offering, prayer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: aperth (“animal sacrifice, offering, prayer”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aberth"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: aberth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: aberth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "aberzh"
},
"expansion": "Breton: aberzh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: aberzh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ed-bʰer-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*atberaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *atberaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *atberaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "αββερετ"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: αββερετ (abberet)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: αββερετ (abberet)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂ed-bʰer-tōr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*adfertōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *adfertōr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *adfertōr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "arsfertur"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: arsfertur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: arsfertur, arsfetur (“priest”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bir",
"t": "son"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bir (“son”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bir (“son”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bringaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably"
},
"expansion": "(probably)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bringaną (probably) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*buriz",
"t": "son"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *buriz (“son”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *buriz (“son”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*burþį̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *burþį̄",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *burþį̄ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "-աւոր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: -աւոր (-awor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: -աւոր (-awor)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ber̃ždžias"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: ber̃ždžias",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: ber̃ždžias, ber̃gždžias (“barren (of a cow)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bèrďь",
"t": "pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrďь (“pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bèrďь (“pregnant”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φορεύς",
"t": "bearer"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φορεύς (phoreús, “bearer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φορεύς (phoreús, “bearer”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भार",
"tr": "bhārá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भार (bhārá) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fordus",
"t": "pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fordus (“pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fordus (“pregnant”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Extended form *bʰr-ew-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(possibly) *bʰrews- (“belly”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrews-o-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*břȗxo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *břȗxo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *břȗxo, *břȗxъ (“belly”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrus-on-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brusū",
"t": "belly, abdomen, chest, breast"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *brusū (“belly, abdomen, chest, breast”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *brusū (“belly, abdomen, chest, breast”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*breustą (“breast, chest”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*brusts (“breast, chest”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to bear, carry"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰer-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.