See bʰerǵʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bʰerǵʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (12.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pärkatäre",
"t": "to rise, come up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkatäre (“to rise, come up”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkatäre (“to rise, come up”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärkatäre"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pärkatäre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pärkatäre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pärkatäre"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pärkatäre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pärkatäre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-t ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒",
"pos": "3sg.imp.med.",
"tr": "pár-ak-ta-ru",
"ts": "parktaru"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒 (pár-ak-ta-ru /parktaru/, 3sg.imp.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒 (pár-ak-ta-ru /parktaru/, 3sg.imp.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եբարձ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: եբարձ (ebarj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: եբարձ (ebarj), բարձաւ (barjaw)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärk"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pärk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pärk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "parka"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: parka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: parka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰórǵʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰr̥ǵʰ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰabʰárȷ́ʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰabʰárȷ́ʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰabʰárȷ́ʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*babʰárźʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *babʰárźʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *babʰárźʰa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बबर्ह",
"t": "to be elevated",
"tr": "babárha"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बबर्ह (babárha, “to be elevated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बबर्ह (babárha, “to be elevated”), बबृहाण (babṛhāṇá, med.part.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*borgīti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *borgīti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *borgīti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*burɣid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *burɣid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *burɣid"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "bwrw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: bwrw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: bwrw"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bwrw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bwrw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bwrw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "·díbairg"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ·díbairg",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prototonic stem of the unrelated <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">do·bidci</i>"
},
"expansion": "(prototonic stem of the unrelated do·bidci)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ·díbairg (prototonic stem of the unrelated do·bidci)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰarȷ́ʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰarȷ́ʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰarȷ́ʰáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣",
"t": "to ascend",
"tr": "pár-ki-ya-az-zi",
"ts": "parkiyazi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣 (pár-ki-ya-az-zi /parkiyazi/, “to ascend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣 (pár-ki-ya-az-zi /parkiyazi/, “to ascend”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-né-ǵʰ-ti ~ *bʰr̥-n-ǵʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բառնամ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բառնամ (baṙnam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բառնամ (baṙnam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥nȷ́ʰáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥nȷ́ʰáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥nȷ́ʰáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥nźʰáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥nźʰáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥nźʰáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बृंहति",
"tr": "bṛṃháti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बृंहति (bṛṃháti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बृंहति (bṛṃháti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-mn̥ ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flāgmen",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *flāgmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *flāgmen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flamen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: flamen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: flamen (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bŕ̥źʰma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bŕ̥źʰma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bŕ̥źʰma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ब्रह्मन्",
"tr": "bráhman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ब्रह्मन् (bráhman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ब्रह्मन् (bráhman)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bŕ̥jman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bŕ̥jman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bŕ̥jman"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨",
"pos": "gen.pl."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨 (bar^əzimanąm, gen.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨 (bar^əzimanąm, gen.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-ont-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n̥t-és"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥ȷ́ʰnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥ȷ́ʰnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥ȷ́ʰnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*br̥jnáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥jnáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥jnáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀",
"pos": "inst.m.sg."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀 (bar^əšna, inst.m.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀 (bar^əšna, inst.m.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠",
"pos": "inst.m.sg.",
"ts": "baršnā"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠 (b-r-š-n-a /baršnā/, inst.m.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠 (b-r-š-n-a /baršnā/, inst.m.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫁𐫢𐫗",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "bašn"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫢𐫗 (bšn /bašn/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫢𐫗 (bšn /bašn/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bšn",
"ts": "bašn"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bšn /bašn/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bšn /bašn/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-és"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*forktis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *forktis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *forktis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "forctis"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: forctis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: forctis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fortis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fortis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-tu-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brixtus",
"t": "magical formula, incantation",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *brixtus (“magical formula, incantation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *brixtus (“magical formula, incantation”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-u-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-éws"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒆪𒍑",
"tr": "pár-ku-uš",
"ts": "parkuš"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆪𒍑 (pár-ku-uš /parkuš/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆪𒍑 (pár-ku-uš /parkuš/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"alt": "*barju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian: *barju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian: *barju"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բարձր",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Armenian: բարձր (barjr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Armenian: բարձր (barjr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥ǵʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pärkäre",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkäre (“long”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkäre (“long”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärkär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pärkär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pärkär"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pärkare"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pärkare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pärkare"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerǵʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to rise up, ascend"
],
"id": "en-bʰerǵʰ--ine-pro-root-gacqXfpZ",
"links": [
[
"rise up",
"rise up"
],
[
"ascend",
"ascend"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be elevated, up high"
],
"id": "en-bʰerǵʰ--ine-pro-root-Sq5nrzP7",
"links": [
[
"elevated",
"elevated"
],
[
"high",
"high"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰerǵʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pärkatäre",
"t": "to rise, come up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkatäre (“to rise, come up”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkatäre (“to rise, come up”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärkatäre"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pärkatäre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pärkatäre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pärkatäre"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pärkatäre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pärkatäre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-t ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒",
"pos": "3sg.imp.med.",
"tr": "pár-ak-ta-ru",
"ts": "parktaru"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒 (pár-ak-ta-ru /parktaru/, 3sg.imp.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒 (pár-ak-ta-ru /parktaru/, 3sg.imp.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եբարձ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: եբարձ (ebarj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: եբարձ (ebarj), բարձաւ (barjaw)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärk"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pärk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pärk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "parka"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: parka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: parka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰe-bʰórǵʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰr̥ǵʰ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰabʰárȷ́ʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰabʰárȷ́ʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰabʰárȷ́ʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*babʰárźʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *babʰárźʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *babʰárźʰa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बबर्ह",
"t": "to be elevated",
"tr": "babárha"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बबर्ह (babárha, “to be elevated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बबर्ह (babárha, “to be elevated”), बबृहाण (babṛhāṇá, med.part.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*borgīti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *borgīti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *borgīti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*burɣid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *burɣid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *burɣid"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "bwrw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: bwrw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: bwrw"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bwrw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bwrw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bwrw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "·díbairg"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ·díbairg",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prototonic stem of the unrelated <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">do·bidci</i>"
},
"expansion": "(prototonic stem of the unrelated do·bidci)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ·díbairg (prototonic stem of the unrelated do·bidci)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰarȷ́ʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰarȷ́ʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰarȷ́ʰáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣",
"t": "to ascend",
"tr": "pár-ki-ya-az-zi",
"ts": "parkiyazi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣 (pár-ki-ya-az-zi /parkiyazi/, “to ascend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣 (pár-ki-ya-az-zi /parkiyazi/, “to ascend”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥-né-ǵʰ-ti ~ *bʰr̥-n-ǵʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բառնամ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բառնամ (baṙnam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բառնամ (baṙnam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥nȷ́ʰáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥nȷ́ʰáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥nȷ́ʰáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥nźʰáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥nźʰáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥nźʰáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बृंहति",
"tr": "bṛṃháti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: बृंहति (bṛṃháti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: बृंहति (bṛṃháti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-mn̥ ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*flāgmen",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *flāgmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *flāgmen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "flamen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: flamen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: flamen (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bŕ̥źʰma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bŕ̥źʰma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bŕ̥źʰma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ब्रह्मन्",
"tr": "bráhman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ब्रह्मन् (bráhman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ब्रह्मन् (bráhman)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bŕ̥jman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bŕ̥jman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bŕ̥jman"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨",
"pos": "gen.pl."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨 (bar^əzimanąm, gen.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨 (bar^əzimanąm, gen.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-ont-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n̥t-és"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰr̥ȷ́ʰnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥ȷ́ʰnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥ȷ́ʰnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*br̥jnáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥jnáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *br̥jnáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀",
"pos": "inst.m.sg."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀 (bar^əšna, inst.m.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀 (bar^əšna, inst.m.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠",
"pos": "inst.m.sg.",
"ts": "baršnā"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠 (b-r-š-n-a /baršnā/, inst.m.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠 (b-r-š-n-a /baršnā/, inst.m.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫁𐫢𐫗",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "bašn"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫢𐫗 (bšn /bašn/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫢𐫗 (bšn /bašn/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "bšn",
"ts": "bašn"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bšn /bašn/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bšn /bašn/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-és"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*forktis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *forktis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *forktis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "forctis"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: forctis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: forctis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fortis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fortis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-tu-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brixtus",
"t": "magical formula, incantation",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *brixtus (“magical formula, incantation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *brixtus (“magical formula, incantation”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰérǵʰ-u-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-éws"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒈦𒆪𒍑",
"tr": "pár-ku-uš",
"ts": "parkuš"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆪𒍑 (pár-ku-uš /parkuš/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒈦𒆪𒍑 (pár-ku-uš /parkuš/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"alt": "*barju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian: *barju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian: *barju"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բարձր",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Armenian: բարձր (barjr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Armenian: բարձր (barjr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥ǵʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pärkäre",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkäre (“long”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pärkäre (“long”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pärkär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pärkär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pärkär"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pärkare"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pärkare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pärkare"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerǵʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to rise up, ascend"
],
"links": [
[
"rise up",
"rise up"
],
[
"ascend",
"ascend"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be elevated, up high"
],
"links": [
[
"elevated",
"elevated"
],
[
"high",
"high"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰerǵʰ-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.