See bʰed- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰód-e-ti (o-grade intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bataną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bataną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bataną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bataz",
"der": "1",
"pos": "past participle",
"t": "good"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batizô",
"der": "1",
"t": "better"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batnaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to get better"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batô",
"der": "1",
"t": "improvement, advantage"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōtō",
"der": "1",
"t": "improvement"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōtijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to improve"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)(see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰed-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "betë",
"t": "great"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: betë (“great”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: betë (“great”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰadrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadrás\nProto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰadrás\nSanskrit: भद्र (bhadrá), भल्ल (bhalla)\nProto-Iranian: *badráh\n⇒ Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadrás\nProto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰadrás\nSanskrit: भद्र (bhadrá), भल्ल (bhalla)\nProto-Iranian: *badráh\n⇒ Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰód-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batiz",
"t": "better"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰod-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bodos",
"t": "pleasure, satisfaction, good will"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bodos (“pleasure, satisfaction, good will”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”)"
},
"expansion": "(or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bodos (“pleasure, satisfaction, good will”) (or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*boð"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *boð",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *boð"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "bodlon"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: bodlon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: bodlon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "both"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: both",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: both"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "boð"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: boð",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: boð"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bodd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bodd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bodd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bodyā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *bodyā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or *budyā"
},
"expansion": "(or *budyā)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *bodyā (or *budyā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "buide"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: buide",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: buide"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to improve, make better"
],
"id": "en-bʰed--ine-pro-root-9dVOLc1K",
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
],
[
"better",
"better"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰed-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰód-e-ti (o-grade intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bataną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bataną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bataną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bataz",
"der": "1",
"pos": "past participle",
"t": "good"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batizô",
"der": "1",
"t": "better"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batnaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to get better"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batô",
"der": "1",
"t": "improvement, advantage"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōtō",
"der": "1",
"t": "improvement"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōtijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to improve"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)(see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰed-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "betë",
"t": "great"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: betë (“great”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: betë (“great”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰadrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadrás\nProto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰadrás\nSanskrit: भद्र (bhadrá), भल्ल (bhalla)\nProto-Iranian: *badráh\n⇒ Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadrás\nProto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰadrás\nSanskrit: भद्र (bhadrá), भल्ल (bhalla)\nProto-Iranian: *badráh\n⇒ Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰód-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*batiz",
"t": "better"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰod-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bodos",
"t": "pleasure, satisfaction, good will"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bodos (“pleasure, satisfaction, good will”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”)"
},
"expansion": "(or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bodos (“pleasure, satisfaction, good will”) (or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*boð"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *boð",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *boð"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "bodlon"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: bodlon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: bodlon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "both"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: both",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: both"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "boð"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: boð",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: boð"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bodd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: bodd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: bodd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bodyā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *bodyā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or *budyā"
},
"expansion": "(or *budyā)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *bodyā (or *budyā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "buide"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: buide",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: buide"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to improve, make better"
],
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
],
[
"better",
"better"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰed-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰed- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.