See Hyewdʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yúdhyati",
"word": "युध्यति"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yúdhyate",
"word": "युध्यते"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyúdʰyati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "yūⁱδiieⁱti",
"word": "𐬫𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*Hyúdyati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"sense": "to fight, to battle",
"word": "*Hyúdʰyati"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyudʰ-yé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"sense": "to worry",
"word": "yutkatār"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*yutkǝ-"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyudʰ-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyowdʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "ut"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "ud"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*jʉð"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*youdos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyowdʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"lang_code": "ks",
"roman": "yod",
"word": "یۆد"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yuddhá",
"word": "युद्ध"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyuddʰás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyudᶻdʰás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "iussus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*jussos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyudʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*ojьminъ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*jud-mas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "husmínē",
"sense": "battle",
"word": "ὑσμίνη"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "*husmós",
"word": "*ὑσμός"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yudhmá",
"sense": "warrior",
"word": "युध्म"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyudʰmás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyudʰmás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "warrior",
"word": "*Hyudʰ-(s)mós"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yoddhṛ",
"word": "योद्धृ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyáwddʰā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyáwdᶻdʰā"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-tōr ~ *Hyudʰ-tr-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "iussus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*jussus"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-tu-s ~ *Hyudʰ-téw-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "euthús",
"word": "εὐθύς"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "īthŭ́s",
"tags": [
"Ionic",
"Epic"
],
"word": "ῑ̓θῠ́ς"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-u-s ~ *Hyudʰ-éw-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "*eûthar",
"word": "*εὖθαρ"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "eîthar",
"word": "εἶθαρ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "iubar"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-r̥"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyawdʰ-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": ":from",
"3": "*h₂yew-<id:justice>",
"id": "straight",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-dʰh₁eti"
},
"expansion": "*-dʰh₁eti",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A derivation from *h₂yew- (“straight, upright”), most likely with *-dʰh₁eti.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hyewdʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HReRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *h₂ey- (life)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *h₂yew-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-dʰh₁eti",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"moving erect, to be agitated or push forward in such a fashion that one is straight or upright (for example as walking into battle)"
],
"id": "en-Hyewdʰ--ine-pro-root-kdc~JpNG",
"links": [
[
"moving",
"move"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
],
[
"agitate",
"agitate"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"straight",
"straight"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "Hyewdʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yúdhyati",
"word": "युध्यति"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yúdhyate",
"word": "युध्यते"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyúdʰyati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "yūⁱδiieⁱti",
"word": "𐬫𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*Hyúdyati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"sense": "to fight, to battle",
"word": "*Hyúdʰyati"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyudʰ-yé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"sense": "to worry",
"word": "yutkatār"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*yutkǝ-"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyudʰ-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyowdʰ-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "ut"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "ud"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "udd"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*jʉð"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*youdos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyowdʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"lang_code": "ks",
"roman": "yod",
"word": "یۆد"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yuddhá",
"word": "युद्ध"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyuddʰás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyudᶻdʰás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "iussus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*jussos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyudʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*ojьminъ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*jud-mas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "husmínē",
"sense": "battle",
"word": "ὑσμίνη"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "*husmós",
"word": "*ὑσμός"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yudhmá",
"sense": "warrior",
"word": "युध्म"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyudʰmás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyudʰmás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "warrior",
"word": "*Hyudʰ-(s)mós"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "yoddhṛ",
"word": "योद्धृ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Hyáwddʰā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyáwdᶻdʰā"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-tōr ~ *Hyudʰ-tr-és"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "iussus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*jussus"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-tu-s ~ *Hyudʰ-téw-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "euthús",
"word": "εὐθύς"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "īthŭ́s",
"tags": [
"Ionic",
"Epic"
],
"word": "ῑ̓θῠ́ς"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-u-s ~ *Hyudʰ-éw-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "*eûthar",
"word": "*εὖθαρ"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "eîthar",
"word": "εἶθαρ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "iubar"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*Hyéwdʰ-r̥"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hyawdʰ-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": ":from",
"3": "*h₂yew-<id:justice>",
"id": "straight",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-dʰh₁eti"
},
"expansion": "*-dʰh₁eti",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A derivation from *h₂yew- (“straight, upright”), most likely with *-dʰh₁eti.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hyewdʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European HReRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *h₂ey- (life)",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *h₂yew-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-dʰh₁eti"
],
"glosses": [
"moving erect, to be agitated or push forward in such a fashion that one is straight or upright (for example as walking into battle)"
],
"links": [
[
"moving",
"move"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
],
[
"agitate",
"agitate"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"straight",
"straight"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "Hyewdʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Hyewdʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.