"Hrewp-" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See Hrewp- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Root

Etymology: Perhaps an extension of *Hrew- (“to tear out, dig out”). Compare also *h₁reyp- (“to tear, tear down”). Etymology templates: {{etymon|ine-pro|*Hrew-<id:tear><unc:1>|id=break|pos=root}}
  1. to break, tear (up) Tags: morpheme, perfective, reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hréwp-t ~ *Hrup-ént"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "rúpyati",
                  "sense": "to suffer violent pain",
                  "word": "रुप्यति"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrúpyati"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrúpyati"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "to suffer pain",
      "word": "*Hrup-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hru-né-p-ti ~ *Hru-m-p-énti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubijaną"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "ropayati",
                  "sense": "to cause pain",
                  "word": "रोपयति"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "lopayati",
                  "word": "लोपयति"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpáyati"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Old Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "urūpaiieⁱṇtī",
                  "word": "𐬎𐬭𐬏𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬍"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpáyati"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "sense": "to have/cause physical pain",
          "word": "*Hrawpáyati"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrowp-éye-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "rópi",
                  "sense": "acute or racking pain",
                  "word": "रोपि"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpiṣ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpiš"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrewp-í-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "sense": "cliff, crag",
              "word": "rūpēs"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*roupēs"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrewp-(e)h₁-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "rópa",
                  "sense": "disturbing, confusing",
                  "word": "रोप"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "lópa",
                  "sense": "breaking, injury, destruction",
                  "word": "लोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hráwpas"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hráwpas"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hréwp-o-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bulgarian",
                  "lang_code": "bg",
                  "roman": "rúpa",
                  "word": "ру́па"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "word": "rȕpa"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "sense": "hole",
                  "word": "ру̏па"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
              "lang_code": "sla-pro",
              "word": "*rupa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubō"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "*raubōną"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "ropá",
                  "sense": "hole, fissure",
                  "word": "रोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpám"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpám"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Apul."
              ],
              "word": "rūpa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*roupā"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrowp-éh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bulgarian",
                  "lang_code": "bg",
                  "roman": "rúpa",
                  "word": "ру́па"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "word": "rȕpa"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "sense": "hole",
                  "word": "ру̏па"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
              "lang_code": "sla-pro",
              "word": "*rupa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubō"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "*raubōną"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "ropá",
                  "sense": "hole, fissure",
                  "word": "रोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpám"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpám"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Apul."
              ],
              "word": "rūpa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*roupā"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrowp-óm"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubaz"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubą"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "lopá",
                  "word": "लोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpás"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Middle Persian",
                      "lang_code": "pal",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                      ],
                      "word": "lwpk"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Middle Persian",
                  "lang_code": "pal",
                  "word": "lwp"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpáh"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpás"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "plundering, pillage, loot",
      "word": "*Hrowp-ó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "luptá",
                  "sense": "broken, injured, disappeared",
                  "word": "लुप्त"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hruptás"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hruptás"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "word": "ruptus"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*ruptos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrup-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
          "word": "*krupiye"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrewp-i-yo-"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "rupex"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italic",
      "lang_code": "unknown",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "rhomphaía",
              "sense": "Thracian spear",
              "word": "ῥομφαία"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Thracian",
          "lang_code": "txh"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bulgarian",
              "lang_code": "bg",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "rofija",
              "word": "рофия"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Bulgarian",
              "lang_code": "bg",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "rufja",
              "sense": "lightning",
              "word": "руфя"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "lang_code": "sq",
          "sense": "lightning",
          "word": "rrufé, -ja"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Paleo-Balkan",
      "lang_code": "unknown",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*Hrew-<id:tear><unc:1>",
        "id": "break",
        "pos": "root"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps an extension of *Hrew- (“to tear out, dig out”). Compare also *h₁reyp- (“to tear, tear down”).",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrewp-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European HReRC-shaped roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *Hrew-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to break, tear (up)"
      ],
      "id": "en-Hrewp--ine-pro-root-zUBxK6k4",
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ],
        [
          "tear",
          "tear"
        ],
        [
          "up",
          "up"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hrewp-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hréwp-t ~ *Hrup-ént"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "rúpyati",
                  "sense": "to suffer violent pain",
                  "word": "रुप्यति"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrúpyati"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrúpyati"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "to suffer pain",
      "word": "*Hrup-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hru-né-p-ti ~ *Hru-m-p-énti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubijaną"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "ropayati",
                  "sense": "to cause pain",
                  "word": "रोपयति"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "lopayati",
                  "word": "लोपयति"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpáyati"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Old Avestan",
                  "lang_code": "ae",
                  "roman": "urūpaiieⁱṇtī",
                  "word": "𐬎𐬭𐬏𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬍"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpáyati"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "sense": "to have/cause physical pain",
          "word": "*Hrawpáyati"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrowp-éye-ti"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "rópi",
                  "sense": "acute or racking pain",
                  "word": "रोपि"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpiṣ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpiš"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrewp-í-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "sense": "cliff, crag",
              "word": "rūpēs"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*roupēs"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrewp-(e)h₁-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "rópa",
                  "sense": "disturbing, confusing",
                  "word": "रोप"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "lópa",
                  "sense": "breaking, injury, destruction",
                  "word": "लोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hráwpas"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hráwpas"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hréwp-o-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bulgarian",
                  "lang_code": "bg",
                  "roman": "rúpa",
                  "word": "ру́па"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "word": "rȕpa"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "sense": "hole",
                  "word": "ру̏па"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
              "lang_code": "sla-pro",
              "word": "*rupa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubō"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "*raubōną"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "ropá",
                  "sense": "hole, fissure",
                  "word": "रोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpám"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpám"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Apul."
              ],
              "word": "rūpa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*roupā"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrowp-éh₂"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Bulgarian",
                  "lang_code": "bg",
                  "roman": "rúpa",
                  "word": "ру́па"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "word": "rȕpa"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
                  "lang_code": "sh",
                  "sense": "hole",
                  "word": "ру̏па"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
              "lang_code": "sla-pro",
              "word": "*rupa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
          "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubō"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "*raubōną"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "ropá",
                  "sense": "hole, fissure",
                  "word": "रोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpám"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpám"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "raw_tags": [
                "Apul."
              ],
              "word": "rūpa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*roupā"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrowp-óm"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubaz"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
          "lang_code": "gem-pro",
          "word": "*raubą"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "lopá",
                  "word": "लोप"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpás"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Middle Persian",
                      "lang_code": "pal",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
                      ],
                      "word": "lwpk"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Middle Persian",
                  "lang_code": "pal",
                  "word": "lwp"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Iranian",
              "lang_code": "ira-pro",
              "word": "*Hrawpáh"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hrawpás"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "sense": "plundering, pillage, loot",
      "word": "*Hrowp-ó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Sanskrit",
                  "lang_code": "sa",
                  "roman": "luptá",
                  "sense": "broken, injured, disappeared",
                  "word": "लुप्त"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
              "lang_code": "inc-pro",
              "word": "*Hruptás"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
          "lang_code": "iir-pro",
          "word": "*Hruptás"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Latin",
              "lang_code": "la",
              "word": "ruptus"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Proto-Italic",
          "lang_code": "itc-pro",
          "word": "*ruptos"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrup-tó-s"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
          "lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
          "word": "*krupiye"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "unknown",
      "lang_code": "ine-pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "word": "*Hrewp-i-yo-"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "raw_tags": [
            "inherited",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "rupex"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italic",
      "lang_code": "unknown",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Ancient Greek",
              "lang_code": "grc",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "rhomphaía",
              "sense": "Thracian spear",
              "word": "ῥομφαία"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Thracian",
          "lang_code": "txh"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Bulgarian",
              "lang_code": "bg",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "rofija",
              "word": "рофия"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Bulgarian",
              "lang_code": "bg",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "rufja",
              "sense": "lightning",
              "word": "руфя"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "lang_code": "sq",
          "sense": "lightning",
          "word": "rrufé, -ja"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Paleo-Balkan",
      "lang_code": "unknown",
      "raw_tags": [
        "derived"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*Hrew-<id:tear><unc:1>",
        "id": "break",
        "pos": "root"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps an extension of *Hrew- (“to tear out, dig out”). Compare also *h₁reyp- (“to tear, tear down”).",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrewp-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European HReRC-shaped roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *Hrew-"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to break, tear (up)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "break",
          "break"
        ],
        [
          "tear",
          "tear"
        ],
        [
          "up",
          "up"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "perfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hrewp-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Hrewp- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.