See HrewdH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "rēotan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "rêten"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*riotan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "riezen"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "riozan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "riezen"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "riuzan"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*reutan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "rjóta"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "rjóta"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "rýta"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "rjóta"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*reutaną"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*HráwdHti ~ *Hrúdanti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rūdō"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rudō"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*roudō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rūdō"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rudō"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*rudō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*HréwdH-ti ~ *HrudH-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "raudà"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*HrowdH-eh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "raûdât"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "raudóti"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "rauta"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "raute"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "rauta"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "röta"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "rauta"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*rautōną"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*HrowdH-eh₂-ye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ryej"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*raudinja"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "olt",
"word": "rausti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "to wail, weep",
"word": "*rydati"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "rud",
"word": "रुद्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*HrawdH-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*HrawdH-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "weep",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of *h₃rewH- (“to howl, shout, speak noisily”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/HrewdH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HReRCH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to weep"
],
"id": "en-HrewdH--ine-pro-root-OMK1zpJV",
"links": [
[
"weep",
"weep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "HrewdH-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "rēotan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "rêten"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*riotan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "riezen"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "riozan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "riezen"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "riuzan"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*reutan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "rjóta"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "rjóta"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "rýta"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "rjóta"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*reutaną"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*HráwdHti ~ *Hrúdanti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rūdō"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rudō"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*roudō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rūdō"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rudō"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*rudō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*HréwdH-ti ~ *HrudH-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "raudà"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*HrowdH-eh₂"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "raûdât"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "raudóti"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "rauta"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "raute"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "rauta"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "röta"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "rauta"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*rautōną"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*HrowdH-eh₂-ye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ryej"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*raudinja"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "olt",
"word": "rausti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "to wail, weep",
"word": "*rydati"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "rud",
"word": "रुद्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*HrawdH-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*HrawdH-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "weep",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of *h₃rewH- (“to howl, shout, speak noisily”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/HrewdH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European HReRCH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to weep"
],
"links": [
[
"weep",
"weep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "HrewdH-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for HrewdH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.