See -wōs in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-wōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-wōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ώς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ώς (-ṓs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ώς (-ṓs) (with innovated t-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*-wās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wās"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-वांस्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -वांस् (-vāṃs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -वांस् (-vāṃs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-𐬎𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬎𐬱 (-uš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬎𐬱 (-uš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-wōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-wōs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: -u"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-us",
"id": "participle",
"pos": "past half-participle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -us (past half-participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -us (past half-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"pos": "past active participle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: [Term?] (past active participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: [Term?] (past active participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-vъ",
"id": "participle",
"pos": "past active participle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-vъ (past active participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-vъ (past active participle)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From **-woss (stem + nominative *-s). It was added to the zero-grade form of the perfect stem of a verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cé--wōs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "*Cé-(Ø)-wōs"
},
"expansion": "*Cé-(Ø)-wōs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Cé-(∅)-wos",
"2": "Cé-(∅)-us",
"3": "Cé-(∅)-usih₂",
"4": "Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*bʰe-bʰr-usih₂",
"word": "bērusjaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfect participles from verbs."
],
"id": "en--wōs-ine-pro-suffix-C1AxvGoC",
"related": [
{
"word": "-onts"
},
{
"word": "-mh₁nos"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-wōs"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*bʰe-bʰr-usih₂",
"word": "bērusjaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-wōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-wōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ώς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ώς (-ṓs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ώς (-ṓs) (with innovated t-stem)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*-wās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wās"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-वांस्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -वांस् (-vāṃs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -वांस् (-vāṃs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-𐬎𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬎𐬱 (-uš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬎𐬱 (-uš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-wōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-wōs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: -u"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-us",
"id": "participle",
"pos": "past half-participle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -us (past half-participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -us (past half-participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"pos": "past active participle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: [Term?] (past active participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: [Term?] (past active participle)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-vъ",
"id": "participle",
"pos": "past active participle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-vъ (past active participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-vъ (past active participle)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From **-woss (stem + nominative *-s). It was added to the zero-grade form of the perfect stem of a verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cé--wōs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "*Cé-(Ø)-wōs"
},
"expansion": "*Cé-(Ø)-wōs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Cé-(∅)-wos",
"2": "Cé-(∅)-us",
"3": "Cé-(∅)-usih₂",
"4": "Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-onts"
},
{
"word": "-mh₁nos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic adjectives",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfect participles from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-wōs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -wōs meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.