See ḱlew- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-se-ti (se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱlews-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱlews-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱlews-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-t ~ *ḱl̥w-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlows-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*klāusnja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *klāusnja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *klāusnja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "quaj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: quaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: quaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kleyyō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kleyyō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kleyyō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλείω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κλείω (kleíō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κλείω (kleíō), κλέω (kléō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlḗw-s-t ~ *ḱléw-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*klyeus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *klyeus-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *klyeus- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥-né-w-ti ~ *ḱl̥-n-w-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlow-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćrāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śrāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रावयति",
"tr": "śrāváyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रावयति (śrāváyati)\nKashmiri: ہاوُن (hāvun, “to show”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रावयति (śrāváyati)\nKashmiri: ہاوُن (hāvun, “to show”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*crāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *crāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *crāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (srāuuaiieⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (srāuuaiieⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "slwtn'",
"t": "to sing, recite, play",
"ts": "srūdan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: slwtn' (/srūdan/, “to sing, recite, play”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: slwtn' (/srūdan/, “to sing, recite, play”), slʾd- (/srāy-/, present stem)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سرودن",
"t": "to sing",
"tr": "sorudan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: سرودن (sorudan, “to sing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: سرودن (sorudan, “to sing”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "srʾwyyd",
"pos": "impv.pl.",
"t": "to sing",
"ts": "srāwēd"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: srʾwyyd (/srāwēd/, “to sing”, impv.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: srʾwyyd (/srāwēd/, “to sing”, impv.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱe-ḱlów-e ~ *ḱe-ḱl̥w-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥w-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*klaušás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sluxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sluxъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sluxъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sluvêt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: sluvêt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: sluvêt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥wáHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥wáHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥wáHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cr̥wáHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥wáHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥wáHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉 (sruiiē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉 (sruiiē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kluēō",
"t": "to be known"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kluēō (“to be known”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kluēō (“to be known”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clueō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: clueō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: clueō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "",
"t": "listen, hear",
"tr": "klaohi",
"ts": "klauhi"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: [script needed] (klaohi /klauhi/, “listen, hear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: [script needed] (klaohi /klauhi/, “listen, hear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlew-eto-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλειτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κλειτός (kleitós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κλειτός (kleitós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-mn̥ ~ *ḱlu-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hleumô",
"gloss": "hearing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumô (“hearing”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumô (“hearing”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćráwma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cráwma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cráwma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cráwma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬥",
"t": "hearing"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬥 (sraoman, “hearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬥 (sraoman, “hearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*ḱléw-mn̥-to-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱléw-mn̥-to-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱléw-mn̥-to-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hleumundaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumundaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumundaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćráwmatam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwmatam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwmatam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śráwmatam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwmatam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwmatam"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रोमत",
"t": "good fame",
"tr": "śrómata"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रोमत (śrómata, “good fame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रोमत (śrómata, “good fame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-os ~ *ḱléw-es-os"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlew-ēs (< **ḱlew-es-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kléwēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kléwēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kléwēs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-κλέης",
"gloss": "fame, glory"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -κλέης (-kléēs, “fame, glory”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -κλέης (-kléēs, “fame, glory”), -κλῆς (-klês), used in Greek male given names, such as Ἡρακλῆς (Hēraklês), Περικλῆς (Periklês)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlēw-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ślṓˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślṓˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślṓˀwāˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlow-ro- or *ḱlu-ro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուր (lur)\nArmenian: լուր (lur)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուր (lur)\nArmenian: լուր (lur)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlú-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćrútiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrútiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrútiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śrútiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrútiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrútiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रुति",
"t": "hearing, listening",
"tr": "śrúti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रुति (śrúti, “hearing, listening”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रुति (śrúti, “hearing, listening”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlu-tó-s (“heard, famous”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-tro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hleuþrą",
"gloss": "noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hleuþrą (“noise”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hleuþrą (“noise”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćráwtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwtram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śráwtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwtram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रोत्र",
"t": "ear",
"tr": "śrótra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रोत्र (śrótra, “ear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रोत्र (śrótra, “ear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "stran",
"t": "to sing"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: stran (“to sing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: stran (“to sing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "سرەوتن",
"t": "to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: سرەوتن (srewtin, “to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: سرەوتن (srewtin, “to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "سرەفتن",
"t": "to be comfortable"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: سرەفتن (sreftin, “to be comfortable”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: سرەفتن (sreftin, “to be comfortable”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "hear",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kule-",
"3": "*kuwle-",
"t": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kuwle- (“to hear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ḱel- (“to incline”) according to Pokorny.\nA relation with Proto-Uralic *kuwle- (“to hear”) (with metathesis of 'l' and 'w') has been suggested.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hear"
],
"id": "en-ḱlew--ine-pro-root-jqEb34OJ",
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱlew-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-se-ti (se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱlews-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱlews-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱlews-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-t ~ *ḱl̥w-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlows-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*klāusnja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *klāusnja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *klāusnja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "quaj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: quaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: quaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kleyyō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kleyyō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kleyyō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλείω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κλείω (kleíō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κλείω (kleíō), κλέω (kléō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlḗw-s-t ~ *ḱléw-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*klyeus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *klyeus-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *klyeus- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥-né-w-ti ~ *ḱl̥-n-w-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlow-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćrāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śrāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रावयति",
"tr": "śrāváyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रावयति (śrāváyati)\nKashmiri: ہاوُن (hāvun, “to show”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रावयति (śrāváyati)\nKashmiri: ہاوُن (hāvun, “to show”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*crāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *crāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *crāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (srāuuaiieⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (srāuuaiieⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "slwtn'",
"t": "to sing, recite, play",
"ts": "srūdan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: slwtn' (/srūdan/, “to sing, recite, play”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: slwtn' (/srūdan/, “to sing, recite, play”), slʾd- (/srāy-/, present stem)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سرودن",
"t": "to sing",
"tr": "sorudan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: سرودن (sorudan, “to sing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: سرودن (sorudan, “to sing”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "srʾwyyd",
"pos": "impv.pl.",
"t": "to sing",
"ts": "srāwēd"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: srʾwyyd (/srāwēd/, “to sing”, impv.pl.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: srʾwyyd (/srāwēd/, “to sing”, impv.pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱe-ḱlów-e ~ *ḱe-ḱl̥w-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥w-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*klaušás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sluxъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sluxъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sluxъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sluvêt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: sluvêt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: sluvêt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥wáHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥wáHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥wáHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cr̥wáHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥wáHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥wáHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉 (sruiiē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉 (sruiiē)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kluēō",
"t": "to be known"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kluēō (“to be known”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kluēō (“to be known”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clueō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: clueō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: clueō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "",
"t": "listen, hear",
"tr": "klaohi",
"ts": "klauhi"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: [script needed] (klaohi /klauhi/, “listen, hear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: [script needed] (klaohi /klauhi/, “listen, hear”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlew-eto-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλειτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κλειτός (kleitós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κλειτός (kleitós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-mn̥ ~ *ḱlu-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hleumô",
"gloss": "hearing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumô (“hearing”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumô (“hearing”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćráwma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cráwma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cráwma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cráwma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬥",
"t": "hearing"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬥 (sraoman, “hearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬥 (sraoman, “hearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*ḱléw-mn̥-to-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱléw-mn̥-to-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱléw-mn̥-to-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hleumundaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumundaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hleumundaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćráwmatam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwmatam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwmatam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śráwmatam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwmatam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwmatam"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रोमत",
"t": "good fame",
"tr": "śrómata"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रोमत (śrómata, “good fame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रोमत (śrómata, “good fame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-os ~ *ḱléw-es-os"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlew-ēs (< **ḱlew-es-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kléwēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kléwēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kléwēs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-κλέης",
"gloss": "fame, glory"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -κλέης (-kléēs, “fame, glory”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -κλέης (-kléēs, “fame, glory”), -κλῆς (-klês), used in Greek male given names, such as Ἡρακλῆς (Hēraklês), Περικλῆς (Periklês)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlēw-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ślṓˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślṓˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślṓˀwāˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlow-ro- or *ḱlu-ro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուր (lur)\nArmenian: լուր (lur)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուր (lur)\nArmenian: լուր (lur)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlú-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćrútiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrútiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrútiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śrútiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrútiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrútiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रुति",
"t": "hearing, listening",
"tr": "śrúti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रुति (śrúti, “hearing, listening”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रुति (śrúti, “hearing, listening”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlu-tó-s (“heard, famous”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱléw-tro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hleuþrą",
"gloss": "noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hleuþrą (“noise”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hleuþrą (“noise”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćráwtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwtram"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śráwtram"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwtram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwtram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रोत्र",
"t": "ear",
"tr": "śrótra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: श्रोत्र (śrótra, “ear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: श्रोत्र (śrótra, “ear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "stran",
"t": "to sing"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: stran (“to sing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: stran (“to sing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "سرەوتن",
"t": "to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: سرەوتن (srewtin, “to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: سرەوتن (srewtin, “to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "سرەفتن",
"t": "to be comfortable"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: سرەفتن (sreftin, “to be comfortable”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: سرەفتن (sreftin, “to be comfortable”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "hear",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kule-",
"3": "*kuwle-",
"t": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kuwle- (“to hear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ḱel- (“to incline”) according to Pokorny.\nA relation with Proto-Uralic *kuwle- (“to hear”) (with metathesis of 'l' and 'w') has been suggested.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Hearing"
],
"glosses": [
"to hear"
],
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱlew-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ḱlew- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (13.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.