See ḱes- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ḱes- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱes-eh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kazēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kazēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kazēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "careō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: careō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: careō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-ewl-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śjaulas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śjaulas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śjaulas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šulъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *šulъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *šulъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sūliz",
"t": "beam, post"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *sūliz (“beam, post”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *sūliz (“beam, post”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sūli",
"t": "pillar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sūli (“pillar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sūli (“pillar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sūl"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: sūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: sūl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-so-?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cassus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cassus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cassus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tsatrā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tsatrā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tsatrā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thadër"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: thadër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: thadër"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćastrám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćastrám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćastrám"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शस्त्र",
"id": "sword"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शस्त्र (śastra)\n→ Hindi: शस्त्र (śastra) (learned)\n→ Odia: ଶସ୍ତ୍ର (śôstrô) (learned)\n→ Old Javanese: śastra\n→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra, “arrow”)\n→⇒ Telugu: శస్త్రము (śastramu)\n→⇒ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਸਤਰ (śastar)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शस्त्र (śastra)\n→ Hindi: शस्त्र (śastra) (learned)\n→ Odia: ଶସ୍ତ୍ର (śôstrô) (learned)\n→ Old Javanese: śastra\n→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra, “arrow”)\n→⇒ Telugu: శస్త్రము (śastramu)\n→⇒ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਸਤਰ (śastar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kastrom",
"t": "knife; cut-off part"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kastrom (“knife; cut-off part”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kastrom (“knife; cut-off part”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castrum",
"t": "castle, fortress"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castrum (“castle, fortress”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castrum (“castle, fortress”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kastrāō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *kastrāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *kastrāō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castrō",
"t": "I prune, castrate"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castrō (“I prune, castrate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castrō (“I prune, castrate”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱes-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cut."
],
"id": "en-ḱes--ine-pro-root--~3oaL52",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sek-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱes-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱes-eh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kazēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kazēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kazēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "careō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: careō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: careō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-ewl-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śjaulas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śjaulas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śjaulas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šulъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *šulъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *šulъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sūliz",
"t": "beam, post"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *sūliz (“beam, post”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *sūliz (“beam, post”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sūli",
"t": "pillar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sūli (“pillar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sūli (“pillar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sūl"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: sūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: sūl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-so-?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cassus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cassus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cassus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱs-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tsatrā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tsatrā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tsatrā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thadër"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: thadër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: thadër"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćastrám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćastrám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćastrám"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शस्त्र",
"id": "sword"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शस्त्र (śastra)\n→ Hindi: शस्त्र (śastra) (learned)\n→ Odia: ଶସ୍ତ୍ର (śôstrô) (learned)\n→ Old Javanese: śastra\n→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra, “arrow”)\n→⇒ Telugu: శస్త్రము (śastramu)\n→⇒ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਸਤਰ (śastar)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शस्त्र (śastra)\n→ Hindi: शस्त्र (śastra) (learned)\n→ Odia: ଶସ୍ତ୍ର (śôstrô) (learned)\n→ Old Javanese: śastra\n→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra, “arrow”)\n→⇒ Telugu: శస్త్రము (śastramu)\n→⇒ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਸਤਰ (śastar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kastrom",
"t": "knife; cut-off part"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kastrom (“knife; cut-off part”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kastrom (“knife; cut-off part”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castrum",
"t": "castle, fortress"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castrum (“castle, fortress”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castrum (“castle, fortress”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kastrāō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *kastrāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *kastrāō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castrō",
"t": "I prune, castrate"
},
"expansion": "Latin: castrō (“I prune, castrate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: castrō (“I prune, castrate”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱes-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to cut."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sek-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱes-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.